2. 职称英语
  3. Read the following passage. The Upper Paleolithic Revolution refers to t

Read the following passage. The Upper Paleolithic Revolution refers to t

游客2024-01-02  35
问题     Read the following passage.
    The Upper Paleolithic Revolution refers to the period during which Homo sapiens, or modern humans, started exhibiting distinctly human behaviors for the first time. Among these behaviors was the development of sophisticated stone tools, as well as the creation of language and artwork. According to the available evidence, it is likely that the Upper Paleolithic Revolution occurred in mainland Europe about 40,000 years ago.
    First, there are indications that around 40,000 years ago, an earlier type of human, called the European Neanderthal, went extinct. The extinction of the European Neanderthal coincides with the population boom of modern humans in Europe. The population boom is supported by the discovery of large amounts of skeletal remains of modern humans that date back to around 40,000 years ago. These discoveries suggest that modern humans took the place of European Neanderthals and were probably able to do so because they had developed superior tools, like stone knives, that helped them catch food and survive.
    Next, climate records suggest that Europe provided the conditions necessary for the revolution. According to the records, Europe experienced a period of lower than normal temperatures starting around 70,000 years ago until about 10,000 years ago. Scientists believe that the cold climate prompted modern humans that were living in Europe at the time to create better tools in order to survive. For example, by inventing fishing tools, they were able to catch food despite the abnormally cold weather.
    Finally, the first example of modern figurative art appeared in Europe during the Upper Paleolithic Revolution. The Venus of Hohle Fels, a stone statue from Germany, dates back to around 35,000—40,000 years ago. This is an early example of sophisticated artwork, and no earlier examples exist elsewhere.
    Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
    Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage.
As you know from the reading, Upper Paleolithic Revolution was a period in which people started exhibiting modern human behaviors. By that, I mean that humans started developing tools and culture which earlier types of humans didn’t have. Anyway, some scientists argue that the Upper Paleolithic Revolution took place in Europe about 40,000 years ago. But there’s actually a lot of evidence that shows that it took place in Africa a lot earlier than that.
    First of all, there’s this idea that modern humans emerged in Europe and that’s why the European Neanderthals went extinct. But that’s not the whole story. I mean, the modern humans had to have come from somewhere, and with the information we have, I’d say they came from Africa. See, it’s true that scientists found tools in Europe that date back to around 40,000 years ago. But even older versions of those tools have been found in parts of Africa. What does that mean? Well, it means that modern humans migrated from Africa to Europe, and they took their new technology with them when they did.
    Another theory is that the cold weather in Europe forced modern humans there to develop new tools. Again, I’m afraid this just isn’t true. I mean, many stone and bone artifacts appeared in Africa as early as 50,000 years ago. I’m talking about objects like projectile points and engraving tools. So, again, here we have examples of sophisticated human tools that are older than the tools that were found in Europe. It’s true that new tools probably allowed humans to flourish in Europe during the period of cold climate, but I don’t think the new tools originated in Europe.
    Finally, some experts say that the first example of art was found in Europe. But we actually have evidence of much older pieces of art. And guess what? These older pieces were found in Africa. For example, the oldest rock carvings in Africa are two decorated stones that were found in Blombos Cave in South Africa. Amazingly, these were created in 70,000 B.C.!
选项
答案     Based on three pieces of historical evidence, the reading passage indicates that the Upper Paleolithic Revolution occurred in Europe about 40,000 years ago. However, the lecturer refutes this conclusion with several archeological findings, saying that the revolution originated much earlier in Africa.
    Firstly, the reading passage claims that around 40,000 years ago, modern humans emerged in mainland Europe and caused the extinction of the European Neanderthal, as their superior tools increased their chance to survive. But the lecturer points out that these modern humans must have migrated to Europe from Africa where early forms of their tools are found.
    Secondly, the reading passage argues that the revolution took place in Europe because modern humans had to develop more sophisticated tools to survive the cold weather in Europe at that time. The lecturer disagrees by referring to another historical discovery. As found by archeologists, better tools like projectile points and engraving tools already appeared in Africa as early as 50,000 years ago.
    Lastly, according to the reading passage, the earliest example of sophisticated artwork appeared in Europe around 35,000—40,000 years ago. The passage thus contends that the revolution should have taken place at that time. However, the lecturer offers a counterexample—Africa was found to have the oldest rock carvings, which dates back to 70,000 B.C.
解析     题目：一个人越有钱，他应该给慈善组织捐的钱就越多。
    本题是“Agree or Disagree”类型的题目，问是否同意这一命题：一个人越有钱，他应该给慈善组织捐的钱就越多。建议在文章开篇明确表示自己的立场，之后再逐一给出理由佐证。重要的理由可以展开阐述，自成一段。除了重点论述的理由外，还可以在文章的后半部分多列举一些理由，增加文章的力度，同时又不显累赘。范文选择的是不同意的立场，在给出理由的基础上，还在文章的最后建设性地提出了更好的建议。
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