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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

游客2023-12-31  34
问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C6】
选项 A、considering
B、ignoring
C、highlighting
D、discarding
答案 B
解析 虽然该空格要填入的是分词，但重点要辨析的是其中心动词是否符合文意。从结构上看，空格所在句子含有主句Most theories have focused on children和做状语的现在分词结构【C6】______the fact，那么填入的分词和主句的谓语：focused on都是主语most theo—ries发出的动作，关键看这两个动作间是什么关系，仅从结构上无法判断，因为分词可以作时间、原因、方式等多种状语。这时需要从文意上判断，主句意为大部分研究青少年犯罪的理论都关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，从句意为……来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪的事实。从逻辑上讲，只关注贫穷家庭的孩子的情况会导致不关注富裕家庭孩子的情况的结果。两者之间是因果关系，分词结构在这里作的是结果状语。选项中能表达不关注含义的只有ignoring，它在这里作结果状语，译为于是就忽视了。注意discarding不能与fact搭配。
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