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  3. Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, s

Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, s

游客2023-12-31  23
问题    Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful. Did you know that the average student has five to six friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits do not tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship.
   In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us ("birds of a feather") rather than those who would be complementary ("opposites attract"). In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes (toward politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of the four months, though it had less to do with initial alliances — not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection.
   There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see who remained together and who split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship, though there is a complication: when marriage is concerned, once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed. Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar.
   The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us. This, of course, can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago. [br] The central idea of the passage is that ______.
选项 A、opposites attract each other
B、birds of a feather flock together
C、great minds think alike
D、a friend in need is a friend indeed
答案 B
解析    主旨大意。如果读者在读完全文后已经有了整体把握，可以直接得出结论了。假如还不确定，可以快速扫读来进一步确认。其中一个办法就是逐段总结。第一段第一句表明对交友的研究，最后一句说一般的结论没有揭示友谊的性质或宗旨；第二段的核心结论是birds of a feather(人以群分)；第三段发现婚姻双方相似而不相同最佳；第四段倒数第二句相当于本文结论：择友和择偶时，相似者更成功。【知识拓展】一般情况下，主旨大意除了通读后可以直接概括外，还可以逐段检索主题句。本文的主题句大多是隐含的，需要读者自己总结。这种形式比较少见，所以能更好地考查读者的概括能力。
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