首页
登录
职称英语
[img]2018m9s/ct_etoefz_etoeflistz_201808_0021[/img] [br] What did researchers do
[img]2018m9s/ct_etoefz_etoeflistz_201808_0021[/img] [br] What did researchers do
游客
2024-01-03
29
管理
问题
[br] What did researchers do in the first experiment the professor describes? Click on 2 answers.
Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
Professor: Now when the last class ended, we were talking about how we evaluate other people, how we look at other people, and determine which people are likely to be helpful to us, and which people are likely to hinder us as we go through life. And we noted that the ability to distinguish between these two kinds of people, to perform what we call social evaluations, is critical to our survival. Karen, I see you have a question?
Student 1: I’d like to ask if that is learned ability or something we’re born with?
Professor: Well, there’ve been studies that suggest that we are born with a certain capacity for social evaluation, that infants as young as six months are able to make social evaluations. David?
Student 2: I don’t doubt that that’s possible, but at six months, babies are still preverbal, so...
Professor: That’s a good question. One of the studies I’m referring to consisted of two experiments done by researchers at Yale University. In both experiments, the researchers looked at a group of six-month-olds. To prepare for the first experiment, the researchers constructed a little stage, and on that stage, they constructed a little hill, ok? And then they got three wooden blocks: one in the shape of a circle, one in the shape of a square, and one in the shape of a triangle, ok? And on each of these blocks, they glued a pair of eyes, little circles with black dots in them that looked like eyes, ok? So in the first phase of the experiment, the researchers showed the infants a series of brief scenarios. In every scenario, one of the blocks, let’s say the circle block, played the role of a climber trying to get to the top of the hill, ok? So the circle block was the climber. At first, the climber block would appear by itself and start climbing up the hill, but it would be struggling. Then in some of the other scenarios, one of the other blocks, let’s say the square, would appear and would always help the climber block get to the top of the hill, gently nudge it up the hill, ok? So you had the square block always helping the climber block and in the rest of the scenarios, the other block, let’s say the triangle, would appear and would always hinder the climber block. It would always block the climber’s path and force it back down the hill, so the triangle block was always hindering the climber block. Ok, so that was the first phase. Then in the second phase of the experiment, the researchers placed the helper and hinderer blocks in front of each infant and they noted which block each infant reached for.
Student 2: What was the purpose of that? Was it to reach for the helper block?
Professor: That’s right, and that’s exactly what happened in almost every case. Karen, I see you have another question?
Student 1: I’m wondering how you could be sure that they’re choosing based on social evaluation. I’m mean, maybe they just like circles better than squares, or maybe they just like to see things going up the hill more than they like to see things coming down the hill or something.
Professor: Excellent question, which is what the researchers were obviously wondering as well because, as I mentioned earlier, they did a second experiment. They took another group of six-month-olds and showed them scenarios very similar to the ones in the first experiment. Everyone clear on this point? Ok, I’ll continue. Well, only this time, the climber block didn’t have eyes and it never moved by itself. It only got pushed up the hill by one block, very gently, very smoothly and down the hill by the other block very gently, very smoothly.
Student 1: So in the second experiment, the idea was that the babies wouldn’t perceive the climber block as a living thing and it wasn’t trying to do anything, so it couldn’t really be helped or hindered.
Professor: Exactly.
Student 1: So then there wouldn’t be any social evaluation involved.
Professor: Exactly! And what’s more, this time, when the researchers offered the infants the wooden blocks, they didn’t have a clear preference.
Student 1: That’s very interesting.
Professor: What’s considered most significant about these studies is not so much that the infants were able to make social evaluations, but that they were able to evaluate interactions between unknown individuals, interactions that had nothing to do with themselves. That’s pretty sophisticated.
Student 1: Sure is, especially for a six-month-old.
选项
A、They presented infants with a series of simple stories.
B、They observed as the infant chose between two objects.
C、They observed infants as they play with wooden blocks.
D、They observed infants as they interacted with one another.
答案
A,B
解析
细节题。线索词为教授所说:So in the first phase of the experiment,the researchers showed the infants a series of brief scenario.以及后续提及内容Then in the second phase of the experiment,the researchers placed the helper and hinderer blocks in front of each infant and they noted which block each infant reached for.实验一包括两个阶段。阶段一,实验人员向婴儿展示一系列简短场景。阶段二,记录婴儿在面对两个木块时如何做出选择。C和D选项均属原文未提及。实验内容未涉及观察婴儿玩耍木块以及婴儿间的互动行为。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3329270.html
相关试题推荐
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Thewomanlookstired.B、Hed
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Shesawanailintheman’st
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Hedoesn’tlikewearingone.
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Givethewomanmoretimetow
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Visithermoreoften.B、Stop
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、She’srarelyhome.B、Shespen
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Susanmightnotbeamembero
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Shereadonlyhalfoftheboo
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、She’snotsureshewantstog
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_001(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Sheoriginallyproposedit.B
随机试题
中国一直有重视教育的传统,尤其是儿童的教育。许多家长让孩子参加各种培训班,以增加被理想中国录取的可能性。但专家们指出,保持儿童对科学的好奇和兴趣有助于其
Thefirst50yearsofthenextmillenniumwillbecriticalfortheworld’sp
Althoughitmighthavehappenedanywhere,myencounterwiththegreenbananas
Internationalelectronicmailsystemsarenolongertheplaythingofhackers
[originaltext]M:TheDeanjustannouncedthatDr.Holdenfsgoingtotakeovera
下有一半径为R=0.1m的半球形侧盖,球心至水面距离H=5m,作用于半球盖上水平
短期借款是指期限在一年或一年以下的借款。()
《商品房销售管理办法》规定,房地产开发企业在未解除商品房买卖合同前,将该已售商品
试述如何培养学生的学习兴趣。
所谓职业化,指的是从业人员工作状态的()。 (A)国际化、流动化、制度化(
最新回复
(
0
)