2. 职称英语
  3. The word "brick" did not appear in the English language before the 15th centu

The word "brick" did not appear in the English language before the 15th centu

游客2023-12-31  8
问题    The word "brick" did not appear in the English language before the 15th century. Bricks 【C1】______ have been known in Britain before then, but they were not【C2】______ enough to be mentioned by any writer. We know that they were used in ancient Egypt, in India, and in the Roman【C3】______; they were used again in parts of Europe; but there is a strange【C4】______ in the history of brick-making which left Britain, at【C5】______, without bricks for building for several hundred years. When they did arrive in Britain, it was in a very【C6】______ way.
   In the 15th century, Britain’s wool trade was【C7】______ flourishing, and shiploads of wool were exported to other countries, among them, Germany and Holland. These ships would have had to return empty, 【C8】______ their captains were able to pick up a【C9】______ cargo, and no captain likes an empty ship. For【C10】______ thing, it is difficult to【C11】______ in stormy weather; for another thing, it is a great waste of space. So【C12】______ than return home with an empty ship, the captains would【C13】______ up with anything, and at about this time, somebody had the idea of loading the home-bound ships with【C14】______. These were already being used【C15】______ in Holland and Germany, where the brick-makers were anxious to sell their surplus【C16】______.
   These bricks must have been a godsend to the builders of London and southeast England. There was very【C17】______ building stone in that part of the country, and stocks of good building【C18】______ were running【C19】______. Bricks were first used for the big houses of rich people living in the countryside, and only later for town houses and 【C20】______ cottages. [br] 【C15】
选项 A、exceptionally
B、exclusively
C、extensively
D、expressly
答案 C
解析    本题考点为词义辨析。
   (1)句式分析。
   原句是一个带有定语从句的复杂句。代词These指前一句中的bricks。从定语从句可知，荷兰与德国的砖块过剩，制造商都急于将多余的砖块销售出去。而此句中already(早己)一词侧重表现时间，此处空格中所填的副词应该侧重表现使用的范围和程度，故此处应该填extensively。
   (2)句意判断。
   根据上下文，此句意为“砖块早已在荷兰和德国广泛使用”。
   【知识拓展】语法拓展：同形异义词。
   除了形近异义词，英语中还有一类词称为同形异义词。同形异义词的类型：①发音和拼写完全相同，但词义不同。e．g．scale／skeil／n．鱼鳞，天平，标度，攀登。(注意：同形异义词不一定全是多义词。)②发音相同，拼写和词义完全不同。e．g．／ven／：vain adj．徒劳的；vein n．静脉；vane n．风向标。③拼写相同，发音、词性和词义完全不同，e．g．tear n．眼泪；tear v.撕，撕破，拉掉。
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