首页
登录
职称英语
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their countr
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their countr
游客
2023-12-30
44
管理
问题
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their country’s most popular sports, like the National Football League and the National Basketball Association, have several rules that would please a Scandinavian social democrat. Salary caps and luxury taxes limit how much each team can spend on players, punish those that over-spend, and close the gap between rich and poor teams. In both sports, the top draft picks typically go to the worst-performing squads from the previous year. Revenue sharing redistributes wealth among the rich and poor teams. Overall, success is punished by design, misfortune is rewarded by design, and the power of wealth is
circumscribed
with spending caps.
It’s a different story across the Atlantic, where many European soccer leagues have practices that would please an American conservative. There are few salary-cap rules, so a handful of rich teams tend to dominate annually. When a soccer team performs poorly, it is not rewarded with a high draft pick. Instead, the club is
relegated
to a less competitive league, a mighty blow to their revenue. Meanwhile the most successful teams from lower divisions are promoted to more competitive leagues where they can earn even more money.
For years, economists have wondered why America doesn’t share Europe’s socialist approach to government. But maybe it’s worth flipping the question: Why don’t European sports share U.S.-style socialism? Why do European soccer leagues punish the downtrodden, while American sports are so soft on losers?
In their famous 2001 paper, "Why Doesn’t The U.S. Have A European-Style Welfare State?" the economists Alberto Alesina, Edward Glaeser, and Bruce Sacerdote pointed out that public policies are an echo of national history. For example, in the U.S., the legacy of the 19th century’s "open frontier" made Americans skeptical of government intrusion, while the absence of an influential socialist party after World War II made it difficult for leftist policies to take root.
By analogy, perhaps, one could look to history to see the origin of Europe’s surprisingly free-market approach to sports. The rules of today’s English Premier League can be traced to the late 19th century, when English soccer was in a period of rapid growth, with hundreds of English and Welsh clubs forming in several decades. Owners, players, and fans all recognized that the helter-skelter scheduling made it harder for people to plan their lives around soccer. In 1888, 12 teams banded together to form England’s first Football League. This provided a modicum of structure to the beautiful game, such as set schedules and guaranteed home games. In its original rules, the worst teams in the league had to apply for "reelection" to remain. Otherwise, one of England’s hundreds of other soccer teams could take their place. As the League grew in size and number of divisions, reelection evolved into a system of promotion and relegation — a model that has taken hold in soccer leagues in Europe and around the world. [br] The underlined word "circumscribed" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.
选项
A、restricted
B、influenced
C、stopped
D、interrupted
答案
A
解析
第1段最后一句的意思是:总的来说,成功会受到有意为之的惩罚,不幸会得到有意为之的回报,财富的力量受到开支上限的束缚。在本句中,A项表示“限制”;B项表示“影响”;C项表示“停止”;D项表示“打断、中断”;circumscribed表示“限制、约束”。答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3319318.html
相关试题推荐
你要当合格的导游,就必须熟悉这个国家的历史和文化。译文一:Youmustknowthehistoryandcultureofthecountr
上世纪四十年代以来,我国的人口增长了200%。Sincethe1940s,thepopulationofourcountryhasincrea
PowerandCooperation:AnAmericanForeignPolicyfortheAgeofGlobalPoli
TheUnitedStateswasalsooneoftheveryfewcountriesthatrefusedtosignth
TheproportionofchildreninAmericawhoareoverweighthastripledoverth
Asurveyfoundthat64%ofAmericanswereuncomfortablewithanimalcloningand
Inasmuchasitispopular,organizedsportsactivitiesarediscouragedasindi
TheWorld’sHeaviestDrinkingCountriesPeopleintheUKareamongthem
一些发展中国家正致力于发展循环经济,大规模利用太阳能、风能等可再生清洁能源,普及发展生态交通、生态建筑和环保建材。Somedevelopingcountri
Thosesamepoliticiansaredrivenbyanintenttousethecountry’sresourcesto
随机试题
1Ibelievethatweallaccepttheprinciplethatanaffluentsocietymus
A--SupplyagreementB--Tradeagreement C--Long-termcontract
A—DocumentmanagementB—DigitizedtechnologyC—Softwaretechnology
甲购买一辆汽车,在开回的路上,因刹车失灵而翻车受伤。在此情形下,他可以( )。
客户端交易处理性能指标是一类重要的负载压力测试指标,以下不属于客户端交易处理性能
下列不属薄荷适应证的是A、风热感冒 B、麻疹不透 C、咽喉肿痛 D、痈肿疮
马绍尔群岛是在古老玄武岩基岩上形成的珊瑚礁,以环礁居多,科学家研究发现位于图中M
进入初中后,小磊为了赢得在班级的地位和满足自尊需要而刻苦学习。根据奥苏贝尔的理论
某电信公司2019年3月份,从各大院校招收了一批本科生和硕士研究生,这些人员将填
在[0,10]上的最大值和最小值依次为( )。
最新回复
(
0
)