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Power and Cooperation: An American Foreign Policy for the Age of Global Poli

游客2024-01-02  24
问题     Power and Cooperation: An American Foreign Policy for the Age of Global Politics
   The age of geopolitics in American foreign policy is over; the age of global politics has begun. Throughout the twentieth century, traditional geopolitics drove U. S. thinking on foreign affairs: American security depended on preventing any one country from achieving dominion over the Eurasian landmass. That objective was achieved with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Now the United States finds itself confronting a new international environment, one without a peer competitor but that nonetheless presents serious threats to American security. The terrorists who struck the World Trade Center and the Pentagon neither represented a traditional state-based threat nor were fled to a specific geographical location. Nevertheless, nineteen people with just a few hundred thousand dollars succeeded in harming the most powerful nation on earth.
   For more than three centuries, the dynamics of world politics was determined by the interplay among states, especially the great powers. Today, world politics is shaped by two unprecedented phenomena that are in some tension with each other. One is the sheer predominance of the United States. Today, as never before, what matters most in international politics is how -- and whether -- Washington acts on any given issue. The other is globalization, which has unleashed economic, political, and social forces that are beyond the capacity of any one country, including the United States, to control.
   American primacy and globalization bring the United States great rewards as well as great dangers. Primacy gives Washington an unsurpassed ability to get its way in international affairs, while globalization enriches the American economy and spreads American values. But America’s great power and the penetration of its culture, products, and influence deep into other societies breed intense resentment and grievances. Great power and great wealth do not necessarily produce greater respect or greater security. American leaders and the American people are now grappling with the double-edged sword that is the age of global politics.
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答案              权力与合作：全球政治时代美国的外交政策
   美国外交政策的地缘政治时代已告结束，全球政治的时代已初露端倪。整个20世纪，传统的地缘政治是美国外交事务的基点：美国的安全在于阻止任何其他国家在亚欧大陆上取得主导地位。这一目标随着苏联的解体而最终得以实现。如今，美国人发现，自己所处的国际新环境中虽然没有可以与之匹敌的国家，但是却存在着对美国安全的严重威胁。袭击世贸中心和五角大楼的恐怖分子，既不是传统的基于国家的威胁，也不能被锁定在某个特定的地理区域。然而，19个人用了区区几十万美元，便成功地对这个世界上最强大的国家造成了伤害。
   三个多世纪以来，世界政治动态始终取决于国家间、尤其是大国间的互动关系。今天，主导世界政治格局的则是两大前所未有、且彼此间保持着某种张力的现象。其一是美国不容置疑的主导作用。国际政治从来没有像今天这样，取决于华盛顿对任何问题的反应。其二是全球化。全球化在经济、政治及社会领域所释放出的力量，没有任何一个国家——包括美国——能将之置于自己的控制之下。
   美国的老大地位和全球化给美国带来了巨大的利益，也带来了重大的危险。老大地位给了华盛顿无可超越的能力，在国际事务中为所欲为；而全球化使美国经济更加强大，并使美国的价值观得以传播。然而美国的强大、文化产品的渗透，及对其它国家的深入影响却招致了强烈的憎恨和不平。大国地位和巨大的财富并不一定能带来更多的尊敬或更多的安全感。美国的领导者和美国人民正在为如何使用全球政治时代这把双刃剑而费神。
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