首页
登录
职称英语
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
游客
2023-12-29
56
管理
问题
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
Vocabulary and Expressions
daunting slum upgrading Jamaica fiscal stimulus package
informality World Bank programs drainage [br] Why does the speaker mention the examples of Jamaica and Brazil?
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
The infrastructure needs that go along with urbanization can be enormous in terms of investments in housing, water and sanitation, transportation, electricity, and telecommunications. Many cities have not been able to keep up, and face daunting challenges for the future projected increases in urbanization. Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services alone in the cities of developing countries is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of those countries’ GDP.
The problems of accessing infrastructure and services are particularly acute for the urban poor. While access rates for basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity are typically higher in urban areas than rural, these numbers mask what is happening for the urban poor where access can be extremely low, unaffordable, and of inadequate quality. Governments, utilities, and service providers are often reluctant to operate in slums because of the informality and illegality of such settlements. This gap is then filled by informal service providers offering more expensive services. Ultimately, the urban poor end up paying substantially more than the non-poor for their services.
Among the programs aimed at the urban poor, overall, slum upgrading is probably the most common. Slum upgrading programs typically focus on the provision of infrastructure (water and sanitation, waste management, electricity, roads). Some of the more recent World Bank programs which combine investments in basic infrastructure with social programs show much promise for addressing the complex, multidimensional nature of urban poverty. For example a program in Jamaica combines micro-finance, land tenure regularization, crime and violence prevention programs with physical upgrading to improve access to water, sewage, solid waste, electricity, roads, drainage and related community infrastructure. In Brazil, investments in social infrastructure for day care, youth training, and health care are combined with physical upgrading of slums.
The current financial crisis provides an important opportunity for investing in the provision of basic infrastructure and services in slums as countries design fiscal stimulus packages. With the emerging negative impacts of the crisis on the urban poor, upgrading activities can generate employment particularly for this vulnerable group, while creating lasting assets which are much in need.
选项
A、To illustrate the combination of investments in basic infrastructure with social programs.
B、To illustrate the lack of basic infrastructure in these two countries.
C、To illustrate that urban poverty is most acute in these two countries.
D、To illustrate that the basic infrastructure is advanced in these two countries.
答案
A
解析
根据原文“Some of the more recent World Bank programs which combine investments in basic infrastructure with social programs show much promise for addressing the complex,multidimensional nature of urban poverty.For example a program in Jamaica combines micro-finance…In Brazil,investments in social infrastructure for day care,youth training,and health care are combined with physical upgrading of slums”可知,举例中提及牙买加和巴西是为了说明基础设施投资与社会项目相结合的作用,因此选项A正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3314968.html
相关试题推荐
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
Asarichcountry,Japanboastsadvancedinfrastructure.A、正确B、错误B原文说:Japanalr
随机试题
Thegamewascancelledbecausemostoftheteammembers______amatchwithoutas
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthepenalties?[originaltext]A
关于子宫内膜癌的转移途径,以下错误的是A.可直接蔓延至颈管,侵犯宫颈及阴道 B
常见的药材害虫不包括A.谷象、米象 B.大谷盗、赤拟谷盗 C.药谷盗、锯谷盗
房地产价格评估,应当遵循公正、公平、公开的原则,按照国家规定的(),以基准地
苯乙胺类拟肾上腺素药,当侧链氨基上被体积较大的异丙基或叔丁基取代时A.对α-和β
根据表中所给信息,少数民族学生人数最多的是:() A.普通本科 B.成人
下列哪种炎症介质不具备阳性趋化作用? A.组胺B.白细胞介素8C.c5a
(2015年真题)下列各项中,集团项目组应当确定的有()。A.集团财务报表
下列费用中,属于建筑安装工程闾接费中规费的有() A.劳动保险费B.环境保
最新回复
(
0
)