首页
登录
职称英语
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
Urban Infrastructure UpgradingVocabulary and Expressionsdaunting slum up
游客
2023-12-29
47
管理
问题
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
Vocabulary and Expressions
daunting slum upgrading Jamaica fiscal stimulus package
informality World Bank programs drainage [br] What is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of developing countries’ GDP?
Urban Infrastructure Upgrading
The infrastructure needs that go along with urbanization can be enormous in terms of investments in housing, water and sanitation, transportation, electricity, and telecommunications. Many cities have not been able to keep up, and face daunting challenges for the future projected increases in urbanization. Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services alone in the cities of developing countries is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of those countries’ GDP.
The problems of accessing infrastructure and services are particularly acute for the urban poor. While access rates for basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity are typically higher in urban areas than rural, these numbers mask what is happening for the urban poor where access can be extremely low, unaffordable, and of inadequate quality. Governments, utilities, and service providers are often reluctant to operate in slums because of the informality and illegality of such settlements. This gap is then filled by informal service providers offering more expensive services. Ultimately, the urban poor end up paying substantially more than the non-poor for their services.
Among the programs aimed at the urban poor, overall, slum upgrading is probably the most common. Slum upgrading programs typically focus on the provision of infrastructure (water and sanitation, waste management, electricity, roads). Some of the more recent World Bank programs which combine investments in basic infrastructure with social programs show much promise for addressing the complex, multidimensional nature of urban poverty. For example a program in Jamaica combines micro-finance, land tenure regularization, crime and violence prevention programs with physical upgrading to improve access to water, sewage, solid waste, electricity, roads, drainage and related community infrastructure. In Brazil, investments in social infrastructure for day care, youth training, and health care are combined with physical upgrading of slums.
The current financial crisis provides an important opportunity for investing in the provision of basic infrastructure and services in slums as countries design fiscal stimulus packages. With the emerging negative impacts of the crisis on the urban poor, upgrading activities can generate employment particularly for this vulnerable group, while creating lasting assets which are much in need.
选项
A、Providing universal coverage for housing services in the cities.
B、Providing universal coverage for transportation services in the cities.
C、Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services in the cities.
D、Providing universal coverage for electricity services in the cities.
答案
C
解析
根据原文“Providing universal coverage for water and sanitation services alone in the cities of developing countries is estimated to cost nearly 5 percent of those countries’GDP”可知,选项C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3314965.html
相关试题推荐
TheUKbecamethefirstnon-AsiancountrytojointheAsianInfrastructureInves
Wewillhaveaninterdisciplinaryeducationalinfrastructureinordertocreate
TheUKbecamethefirstnon-AsiancountrytojointheAsianInfrastructureInves
Wewillhaveaninterdisciplinaryeducationalinfrastructureinordertocreate
Thegovernmenthasspentbillionstoupgradeitsinfrastructuretohandlethehi
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
UrbanInfrastructureUpgradingVocabularyandExpressionsdauntingslumup
Asarichcountry,Japanboastsadvancedinfrastructure.A、正确B、错误B原文说:Japanalr
随机试题
Manyacompany______everyefforttokeepincontactwithitscustomers.A、aremak
小学班主任工作的中心环节是()。A.了解学生 B.班会活动 C.建立学生档
某投资者投资了在上海证券交易的某企业债券,属于该类债券风险的是()。A.利率风
关于抗凝剂的说法,错误的是A.使用EDTA盐抗凝的血可以用于血细胞计数B.使用草
举行祭孟大典,就是要进一步发掘和丰富孟子博大精深的思想内涵,使之不断完善与创新,
2010年,江苏省全年粮食总产量达3235.1万吨,比上年增加5万吨;其中夏粮
在柏林演讲中习近平主席强调“中国走和平发展道路是中华民族热爱和平的文化传统的继承
消化不良很常见,半数以上人群在生命过程中曾因此病症而就诊,其主要症状有上腹饱胀、
关于生产商品的具体劳动和抽象劳动的说法,正确的有()。A.具体劳动创造商品的使
继发性腹膜炎的腹痛特点是A.阵发性全腹绞痛 B.逐渐加重的阵发性腹痛 C.剧
最新回复
(
0
)