2. 职称英语
  3. 书画家宋徽宗 宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝，是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一，他不是个称职的皇帝，却是一位杰出的书画家。 宋徽宗的艺术活动开始得比较早，他身在

书画家宋徽宗 宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝，是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一，他不是个称职的皇帝，却是一位杰出的书画家。 宋徽宗的艺术活动开始得比较早，他身在

游客2023-12-28  8
问题    书画家宋徽宗
   宋徽宗是北宋第八位皇帝，是宋朝最著名的皇帝之一，他不是个称职的皇帝，却是一位杰出的书画家。
   宋徽宗的艺术活动开始得比较早，他身在宫苑，学习书画有条件接近当时的第一流名家。他的花鸟画，主要受吴元瑜的影响；在书法方面，他最初是向黄庭坚学习，后来自创瘦金体，和他的绘画技法相得益彰。宋徽宗在位时，广收古书画，网罗画家，扩充翰林图画院，将画家的地位提到在中国历史上最高的位置。
   宋徽宗在不断提高自身书画艺术水平的同时，还积极致力于书画艺术的改革创新，他深感由宫廷招募而来的画师们工匠气太重，其作品写意性很差。因此，他于崇宁三年设立画学，这是世界上较早的绘画专科学校，开辟了我国教育史上的新局面。他还以画作为科举升官的一种考试，每年以诗词做题目，刺激出许多新的创意佳画。如题目为“深山藏古寺”，许多人画深山寺院飞檐，但得第一名的没有画任何房屋，只画了一个和尚在山溪挑水；另题为“踏花归来马蹄香”，得第一名的没有画任何花卉，只画了一人骑马，有蝴蝶飞绕马蹄间，凡此等等。这些都极大地刺激了中国画意境的发展。
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答案    Emperor Huizong — the Painter and Calligrapher
   Emperor Huizong was the eighth and one of the most famous emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty. Though incompetent as a ruler, he was an excellent painter and calligrapher.
   Huizong began his artistic life quite early. Being an imperial member, he had the advantage of being close to the top artists of that time. His flower-bird painting was influenced by Wu Yuanyu. In terms of calligraphy, he first learned from Huang Tingjian, but later he created his own style known as the " Slender Gold" ( Shou Jin Ti) — the name " Slender Gold" came from the fact that Huizong’s writing resembled gold filament, twisted and turned — which matches his painting perfectly. When he was on the throne, he collected not only voluminous ancient paintings and calligraphic works, but also a legion of painters to expand the painting school of the Imperial Academy, elevating the painter’s status to the highest level in the history of China.
   While devoting himself to his own artistic improvement, Huizong also concentrated on the renovation and innovation of painting and calligraphy. He was acutely aware that mediocrity on the part of the recruited painters in the imperial palace was so deep that they lacked originality and could hardly catch the spirit of the object in their works. Thus he established in the 3rd Chongning year of the Song Dynasty (1104 AD) a painting academy, one of the earliest in the world, thus creating a new phase in the history of Chinese education. He even made painting a testing item of the annual imperial examination, with the assigned subject usually based on a poem. This approach gave rise to the creation of many original paintings, one of which was the painting known as An Ancient Temple Deep in the Mountain. While many other candidates drew a temple with overhanging eaves deep in the mountain in their paintings, the top candidate, who came out first in the imperial examination, drew no temple at all in his painting, but a monk fetching water from a mountain creek. Another example was the painting entitled Galloping Back over Flowers, Fragrance Sticks in Horse Hooves, whose creator, also the top candidate in another imperial examination, drew no flowers, but a man on a horse with butterflies scudding around its hooves. These practices gave a great impetus to the development of artistic ambience in Chinese painting.
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