2. 职称英语
  3. Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which pe

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which pe

游客2023-12-28  55
问题     Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.
    Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.
    Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaff’irms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated. [br] Which statement about social control agents is NOT true?
选项 A、They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.
B、They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.
C、They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.
D、They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.
答案 B
解析 从第二段第八句Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior．(矛盾论者指出，在任何社会中，社会约束的执行者或执行机构往往为有权势的社会群体服务，执行对这些人有利的社会准则，是这些人制定了准则，规定了什么是不能认可的行为。)得知，只有B项没有提到，因此，为正确答案。
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