儿童的生存、保护和发展是提高人口素质的基础,直接关系到一个国家和民族的前途与命运。中华民族素有“携幼”、“爱幼”的传统美德,中国古语“幼吾幼以及人之幼”

游客2023-12-25  12

问题     儿童的生存、保护和发展是提高人口素质的基础,直接关系到一个国家和民族的前途与命运。中华民族素有“携幼”、“爱幼”的传统美德,中国古语“幼吾幼以及人之幼”流传至今。
    中国政府一向以认真和负责的态度,高度关心和重视儿童的生存、保护和发展,把“提高全民族素质,从儿童抓起”作为社会主义现代化建没的根本大计,在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识,并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。
    中国实行改革开放政策以来,儿童工作进一步走上社会化、科学化、法制化的轨道,儿童工作成为国家建设和全社会义务的重要组成部分。
    为了切实保护儿童权益,中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制,以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。作为中国最高国家权力机关的全国人民代表大会,其内务司法委员会负责妇女儿童权益保障的立法和执法监督检查,委员会内设立了妇女、儿童专门小组,配有专职人员。
    中国政府一直把儿童教育置于整个教育事业发展的优先地位。在政府和全社会的共同努力下,近年来,中国的儿童教育事业有了很大发展,许多指标优先于其他发展中国家,有的接近发达国家水平。
    中国动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长,大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神,倡导团结、友爱、互助的社会风尚。大众传媒积极反映残疾儿童的生活,报道残疾人事业发展情况。广播、电视普遍开办残疾儿童专题节目,并配制手语、字幕。逐步实行方便残疾人的城市道路和建筑物设计规范,采取无障碍设施等措施,为残疾儿童的生存和发展创造良好的社会环境。
    为促进儿童保护领域的国际合作,中国政府和社会力量在扎实、有效地做好国内儿童生存、保护和发展工作的同时,还积极参与有关儿童生存、保护和发展的全球性和区域性国际合作与交流活动。多年来,中国与联合国儿童基金会、联合国教科文组织和世界卫生组织在有关儿童保护领域进行了卓有成效的合作,得到了有关国际组织和权威人士的好评。

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答案     Children’s survival, protection and growth have a direct bearing on a country and a nation’s future and destiny. The Chinese nation has long cultivated the traditional virtues of "bringing up the young" and "caring for the young." An old Chinese saying that "Love our own and others’ children" is still very popular.
    The Chinese government, with an earnest and responsible attitude, always attaches vital importance to children’s survival, protection and growth. It regards "providing education for children to improve the quality of the whole nation" as a fundamental policy for its socialist modernization drive. The government urges the society at large to "protect and educate children, and set an example and do practical things for children." It spares no effort to create favorable social conditions for the progress of children’s undertakings.
    Since the implementation of the polily of reform and opening to the outside world, children’s programs in China have further moved into social, scientific and legal tracks; and children’s programs have become an important part of the nation’s construction and the duties of the whole society.
    To truly protect children’s rights and interests, China’s legislative, judicial and relevant government departments as well as mass organizations have set up corresponding mechanisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the sound development of the work concerning children’s protection. The National People’s Congress, the highest organ of state power in China, has under it the Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs, which is responsible for legislation for the protection of the rights and interests of women and children as well as for the supervision and examination of law enforcement. This committee has a special group for women and children staffed with full-time personnel.
    The Chinese government always gives priority to children’s education in the promotion of education in general. Thanks to the concerted efforts made by the government and the society, children’s education has seen great progress in the past few years, with many indexes higher than those of other developing countries and some indexes close to those of developed countries.
    The Chinese government has done a great deal to mobilize all sectors of society to care for, in various manners, the growth of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasing self-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate the social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid. The media actively reports on their living conditions and work. Radio and TV stations offer special programs with sign language and captions for physically disadvantaged children. To create a favorable social environment for physically disadvantaged children’s survival and growth, China has set and gradually implemented standards for the design of urban roads, buildings, and other obstacle-free facilities for their convenience.
    To promote international cooperation in the protection of children, the Chinese government and society at large have taken an active part in global and regional international cooperation and exchanges regarding children’s survival, protection and growth while devoting themselves to this cause in a down-to-the-earth and effective manner. In recent years, China has effectively cooperated with the UN Children’s Fund, the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the World Health Organization in its work to protect children. This has been highly appreciated byinternational organizations and experts.

解析     本文是一段有关儿童发展的讲话。文中介绍了新中国政府对儿童发展的政策和方针,关注残疾儿童的发展,积极开展国际合作。
    本文要求应试者掌握一定的教育方面的常识,了解与儿童发展相关的国家政策,熟悉相关专门词汇和表达方式,这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累,是翻译的基本要求。此外,应试者还需要在听的短时间内,对汉语特色的流水句做出相应的分析,适当地将其切分为多个独立的英文句子。翻译时把握好两种语言各自特色,完成双语间的转换。对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法,不能死译、硬译,而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通,使译文通顺流畅。
    -基本素质采分点
    以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点,涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法,是应试者理解和翻译的基础。
    1.全国人民代表大会    National People’s Congress
    2.内务司法委员会      Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs
    3.联合国儿童基金会    UN Int’l Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
    4.联合国教科文组织    UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
    5.世界卫生组织        World Health Organization
    -结构理解采分点
    下面是本文中出现的长难句,要求应试者在听的过程中理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系,尊重目的语特点,将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在转
换的过程中,应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。
1.中国政府一向以认真和负责的态度,高度关心和重视儿童的生存、保护和发展,把“提高全民族素质,从儿童抓起”作为社会主义现代化建设的根本犬计,在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识,并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。
    原句层次复杂,信息量大,由一个主语引出四个动宾结构,介绍了四个不同方面的情况。翻译时,为了减少错误,可以将本句拆分为四个独立的句子。“高度关心和重视”中的“关心和重视”在汉语中是动态的,翻译后变成“attach importance to”中的静态的名词;“把……当作根本大计”,可译为“regard... as a fundamental policy”;“为……创造条件”可以翻译成“create conditions for”。
2.为了切实保护儿童权益,中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制,以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。
    原句结构层次清楚,适合顺译。“保护儿童事业的健康发展”,定语较长,翻译时可以调整为由“of”引导的介词短语做后置定语。
3.在政府和全社会的共同努力下,近年来,中国的儿童教育事业有了很大发展,许多指标优先于其他发展中国家,有的接近发达国家水平。
    原句信息重心是“中国的儿童教育事业有了很大发展”。“在……下”是方式状语,“近年来”是时间状语,而后面的“许多……水平”,是对主句的解释说明。翻译时,状语的位置可以灵活处理;后面的具体解释,可以借助“with”短语结构,当作主句的伴随状语。
4.逐步实行方便残疾人的城市道路和建筑物设计规范,采取无障碍设施等措施,为残疾儿童的生存和发展创造良好的社会环境。
    原句中“实行……规范”和“采取……措施”是核心内容,二者之间又有密切联系,翻译时可以使用关系从句将二者联系起来;后面的“为……创造……环境”是前两个动作的目的,翻译时可借助不定式结构来表达目的状语。
5.为促进儿童保护领域的国际合作,中国政府和社会力量在扎实、有效地做好国内儿童生存、保护和发展工作的同时,还积极参与有关儿童生存、保护和发展的全球性和区域性国际合作与交流活动。
    原句较长,但层次清楚。“在……的同时,还……”,表示两个同时进行的动作,可借助英语的连词“while”将二者联系起来。对于句子中出现的较长的前置定语和前置状语,翻译时都可以适当调整为后置修饰成分。
    -言语表达采分点
    应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构和意思,还需要从微观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。
    1.携幼                bring up the young
    2.爱幼                care for the young
    3.幼吾幼以及人之幼    love our own and others’ children
    4.根本大计            a fundamental policy
    5.实行改革开放政策    the policy of reform and opening to the outside world
    6.最高国家权力机关    highest organ of state power
    7.专职人员            full-time personnel
    8.优先地位            give priority to
    9.无障碍设施          obstacle-free facilities
    10.得到了……好评     be highly appreciated by
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