首页
登录
职称英语
There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standard
There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standard
游客
2023-12-19
55
管理
问题
There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. In Britain, the fact that 30 percent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt massive educational changes. The development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development and thus anything that impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us all. So the hunt is on for the cause of the decline in literacy. The search so far has forced on socioeconomic factors, or the effectiveness of" traditional" versus" modern" teaching techniques: The fruitless search for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying" They can’t see the wood for the trees". When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-established tradition that is accepted without question. And for the past two decades, illustrations in reading primers have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become impoverished---sometimes to the point of extinction. Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading. On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read. Despite this, from North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many school children receive are totally without text. A teacher’s main concern is to help young beginner readers to develop not only the ability to recognize words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a child is able to read aloud fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of it: this is called" barking at text". The teacher’s takes of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom. But the adverse effects of such things as television, video games, or limited language experiences at home, can be offset by experiencing "rich" language at school. Instead, it is not unusual for a book of 30 or more pages to have only one sentence full of repetitive phrases. The artwork is often marvelous, but the pictures make the language redundant, and the children have no need to imagine anything when they read such books. Looking’ at a picture actively prevents children younger than nine from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In order to learn how to comprehend, they need to practice making their own meaning in response to text. They need to have their innate powers of imagination trained.
As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, and it is a situation made more serious as out culture becomes more visual. It is hard to wean children off picture books when pictures have played a major part throughout their formative reading experiences, and when there is competition for their attention from so many other sources of entertainment. The least intelligent are most vulnerable, but tests show that even intelligent children are being affected. The response of educators has been to extend the use of pictures in books and to simplify the language, even at senior levels. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge recently held joint conferences to discuss the noticeably rapid decline in literacy among their undergraduates. Pictures are also used to help motivate children to read because they are beautiful and eye-catching. But motivation to read should be provided by listening to stories well read, where children imagine in response to the story. Then, as they start to read, they have this experience to help them understand the language. If we present pictures to save children the trouble of developing these creative skills, then I think we are making a great mistake.
Academic journals ranging from educational research, psychology, language !earning, psycholinguistic, and so on cite experiments, which demonstrate how detrimental picture are for beginner readers. Here is a brief selection: The research results of the Canadian educationalist Dale Willows were clear and consistent pictures affected speed and accuracy and the closer the pictures were to the words, the slower and more inaccurate the child’s reading became. She claims that when children come to a word they already know, then the pictures are unnecessary and distracting. If they do not know a word and look to the pictures, which are not closely related to the meaning of the word, they are trying to understand. Jay Samuels, an American psychologist, found that poor readers given no pictures learnt significantly more words than those learning to read with books with pictures. He examined the work of other researchers who reported problems with the use of pictures and who had found that a word without a picture was superior to a word plus a picture. When children were given words and pictures, those who seemed to ignore the pictures and pointed at the words learnt more words than the children who pointed at the pictures, but they still learnt fewer words than the children who had no illustrated stimuli at all. [br] The text suggests that ______.
选项
A、pictures in books should be less detailed
B、pictures can slow down reading progress
C、picture books are best used with younger readers
D、pictures make modem books too expensive
答案
B
解析
该题问: 本文建议什么?本文全文在说图画影响学生的识字能力和阅读能力。B项意为“图画会减慢阅读能力的发展。孩子--3F始就接触到图画书,他们渐渐习惯了看图,而忽略了文字”,在本文的倒数第二段可以找到线索说明图画阅读速度和理解,因此此项为正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3288161.html
相关试题推荐
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanswhich(1)toindividualis
随机试题
Manypeoplewhoareadoptingachildexpectittobringgreatjoytotheirl
[originaltext]W:Well,tonightwehaveAndrewGreeninourstudiototalkabout
Whatdoesthenewsitemmainlyreport?[originaltext]Acastawayhasbeenfou
下列各项,不属三阴交穴主治的病证是A.心悸 B.失眠 C.高血压 D.阳痿
在片剂的薄膜包衣液中加入液状石蜡的作用为A、致孔剂 B、助悬剂 C、乳化剂
某企业在确定产品产量指标时采取盈亏平衡分析法,盈亏平衡示意图见下图。该企业201
《机电产品国际招标投标实施办法》规定,不予受理的质疑情况有()。A、由非投标人
下列统计量中,容易受极端值影响的有()。A.均值 B.方差 C.众数
呕吐带发酵味的数餐前的食物可见于A.急性糜烂性胃炎 B.慢性胃炎 C.消化性
共用题干 28岁不孕妇女,痛经3年且逐渐加重。查子宫后壁有2个触痛性硬韧结节,
最新回复
(
0
)