首页
登录
职称英语
Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philo
Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philo
游客
2023-12-19
16
管理
问题
Introduction
Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both
the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of 【1】______
many【1】______. This third edition continues and further develops this approach.
We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to
discuss the various aspects of language from both an【2】______ and current 【2】______
point of view. Part one is "The Nature of Human Language. "Then we
discuss speech sounds or【3】______ and includes a passage on machines 【3】______
that "talk’and "understand".
On phonology we demonstrate how sounds form【4】______. Because 【4】______
of this, written forms of language are very late in the history of human language.
Then we discuss other【5】______ aspects of language how words 【5】______
are formed; what words, phrases, and sentences mean; and how words are
put together to form sentences. Morphology, semantics, syntax are very im-
sortant in our discussion and take an important role.
In "Social Aspects of Language, "we consider language in【6】______ 【6】______
md how languages change over time. In "The【7】______. Aspects of Lan- 【7】______
guage, "we talk about child language, animal communication systems and 【8】______
9rain【8】______ underlying language knowledge and use.
Also, the【9】______ languages of the deaf are discussed in greater 【9】______
detail. The newest findings on whether chimpanzees and gorillas can learn
language are presented. In every lesson the【10】______ underlying the 【10】______
diersity of phenomena observed in human language are highlighted. [br] 【5】
Introduction
Since antiquity interest in linguistis--the study and science of human language--has had both practical and philosophical motivations. From a practical side, linguistics can provide a theoretical basis for variety of practical applications. To name a few, these applications include the treatment of language disorders such as aphasia or reading problems the planning of "language arts" curricula in the schools, the fight against illiterarcy in many nations of tile world, the development of automatic, computer-generated speech productional recognition, the learning of foreign languages, and the simplification of legal language. Philosophical interests have also spurred language study, because from earliest times language has been considered a mirror of the mind.
For these reasons both the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of many disciplines. This hank’is used in courses for nonlinguisties as well as linguistics students, for major in computer science and English, in speech pathology and anthropology, in communications studies and philosophy. This third edition continues and further develops this approach. It does, however, reflect new thinking is the field as well as a reorganization of material.
We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to discuss the various aspects of language from both an historical and current point of view. Part One, lesson one, "Tile Nature of Human language," is concerned with questions such as: What is language? What is a grammar? What is the origin of language?
What it is you know when you know English, Zulu, Twi, Cherokee, Eskimu, Spanish, Russian, and any other’language is examined in Lesson Two, "Grammatical Aspects of language," Lesson 2 discusses speech sounds or phonetics and it includes an expanded section on machines that "talk" and "understand." Lesson g on phonology demonstrates how sounds form pattens. Lesson 5 shows that written forms of language arose very late in the history of human language. Lesson 4,6, and 7 discuss other grammatical aspects of language---how words are formed (morphology);what words, phrases, and sentences mean (semantics); and how words are put together to form sentences syntax. These lessons have been substantially revised since the second edition. Although a formal descrptive apparatus is still included, it receives less emphasis; distinction between phonetic and phonemic segments and phonological and morphophonemic rules are clarified ;and the section on pragmatics is enlarged.
Lessons 8 and 9 of Part Three, "Social Aspects of Language," considering language in society and how languages change over time. Some of tile questions raised in this part are: Wily are there ninny languages and how are they related? How and why do languages change? Are some languages or dialects superior to others? Is there any hope for a universal language? Can language be "obscene" or "sexist"?
Part Four, "The Biological Aspects of Language," includes Lesson 10 on child language, Lesson 11 on animal communication systems, and lesson 12 on brain mechanisms underlying language knowledge and use. These lessons have been expanded considerably. The sign language of the deaf, especially AMESLAN (American Sign Language), are discussed in greater detail. The newest findings on whether Chimpanzees and gorillas can learn language are presented, as are the latest techniques for brain and language studies. In every lesson the universals underlying the diversity of phenomena observed in human language are highlighted.
As in the previous editions basic ideas rather than a de- tailed exposition of the grammar of English or any other language have been primarily concerned with. The text assumes no previous knowledge on the part of the students and aims at stimulating the students to further investigate language, this incredibly complex, unique human ability. Toward this goal a short list of references is given at the end of each les- son. Also included are exercises ranging in difficulty and type to enhance the students’ interest in and comprehension of the textual material.
We have had enormous help from friends, colleagues, students, teaching assistants, instructors who assigned the text to their classes, and reviewers. We wish to convey our profound gratitude to all of the individuals who provided feedback, criticisms, corrections, and suggestions. We continue to be especially grateful to the thousands of students who have listened to our lectures, questioned our concepts, completed our assignments, and in these and other ways helped us to rewrite this book.
选项
答案
grammatical
解析
“grammatical”为“of the rules about the knowledge of reflections,syntax and word-formation of the languages”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3286413.html
相关试题推荐
Thedistinctionbetween______inlinguisticsliesinhowthingsoughttobeand
______isabranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesbowwordsarecombinedtoformse
【B1】[br]【B2】linguistic→linguistics本题考查名词。将linguistic改为linguistics。该词的名词形式词尾的“s
Linguisticsuse______torefertotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbythe
Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersi
WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemajorbranchesoflinguistics?A、Phoneti
IntroductiontoM.deI’AubepineM.deI’Aubepineisun
IntroductiontoM.deI’AubepineM.deI’Aubepineisun
IntroductiontoM.deI’AubepineM.deI’Aubepineisun
Linguisticsuse_______torefertotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbythe
随机试题
Choiceblindness:Youdon’tknowwhatyouwantWehaveallh
Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhite
______producesalotofso-called"visualpoetry"featuringuniquetypesetting,
Since1895theNationalTrust(国家文物信托基金会)hasworkedforthepreservationof
48岁,月经紊乱1年,闭经50天后突然阴道大量出血,血红蛋白70g/L,子宫稍
最初社会性微笑发生的标志是( )的出现。A.有差别微笑 B.出声的笑 C.
2010年3月,某审计组对乙公司2009年度财务收支情况进行了审计。有关销售与收
由于法律的效力高于行政法规,因而()的实施也使《村庄和集镇规划建设管理条例》
椭圆规尺的A端以速度vA沿x轴的负向运动,如图所示,AB=l。则尺AB的角速度为
长期应用糖皮质激素后,突然停药所产生的反跳现象是由于病人A、对糖皮质激素产生耐药
最新回复
(
0
)