首页
登录
职称英语
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects
游客
2023-12-17
29
管理
问题
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to correct the problem.
Ⅰ. Effects of air pollution
1)Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways.
— Some individuals are more【1】______ to pollutants.
— Young children and elderly people suffer more.
— People with【2】______ suffer more.
2)The extent of air pollution effects on individuals depends on【3】______ to the damaging
chemicals.
3)Short-term effects
—【4】______ to the eyes, nose and throat
— upper respiratory infections
— headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions
4)Long-term effects
— chronic respiratory disease
— lung cancer
— heart disease
— damage to the brain, nerves, lives or kidneys
Ⅱ. Measure taken to control air pollution
1)The first step: assessment
— investigate outdoor air pollution
— develop standards for measuring the type and【5】______ of some air pollutants
— determine how much exposure to pollutants is【6】______
2)Steps to reduce exposure to air pollution
— outdoor air pollution
regulation of man-made pollution through【7】______ , which is usually done through a variety of【8】______ that monitor the air and the environment
prevention through regulation, and through personal, careful attention to【9】______ with the environment
— indoor air pollution
【10】______ to be reviewed for potential harmful effects
adequate ventilation
smoking to be restricted [br] 【7】
Jazz
Jazz began in the early 20th century as a music of black Americans. It was intended for singing, dancing, and also for entertainment and atmosphere at parties or social gatherings.
The origin of the word "jazz" is not known, but the term came into common use after the first phonograph records of Jazz were made in 1917. Jazz represents a blending of musical elements from Africa and from Europe. Jazz uses some European ideas of harmony and melody, but the rhythms are more African in origin. It is usually said to be "syncopated", that is, it is irregular in rhythm. Besides this, there are many other rhythms in a piece of Jazz music around one basic rhythm. That is to say, it is polyrhythmic. Another important feature of jazz is improvisation. To improvise means to make something up on the impulse of the moment. This is the way jazz is usually played. Jazz musicians have learned to improvise so well that they can make up excellent melodies as they play. A good jazz soloist seldom plays anything the same way twice. Thus, listening to jazz is not like hearing a piece of music that was written long ago. It is like being there when the music is first being made.
A major step in the development of jazz was taken by the players in New Orleans. New Orleans jazz, sometimes called Dixieland, was a mixture of different elements. It had the deep emotion of American blues and Negro spiritual, as well as elements of European folk music. The New Orleans style involved improvising that was sometimes complex. Often seven or eight players would improvise at the same time. But the most notable new feature of New Orleans jazz was its more complicated rhythm.
In the 1940’s a new approach to jazz began to develop. It had been implied in the playing of Lester Young with the Count Basle band. Another important influence on early modern jazz was guitarist Charlie Christian, who. was strongly influenced by Lester Young. At first the new jazz was called bebop, and later, modern jazz. Many of the musical ideas of modern jazz were worked out at gatherings in which the players performed for their own amusement and instruction. Jazz musicians called these gatherings jam sessions. Modern jazz was more complex in harmony and melody than earlier styles of jazz. But a most outstanding feature was its new approach to rhythm. Not only did the players use new rhythms in making their melodies, but the drummers played in a more complex way.
By the late 1950’s many concert pieces had been written that included parts for jazz improvisation. These pieces usually took the form of a classical concerto with the jazzmen as soloists. Such works are referred to as parts of a "third stream" of music, the first two "!streams" of course being classical music and jazz.
Since the modern jazz of the 1940’s and 1950’s, jazz has taken another step in its development. This new development is something called "the new thing," or "free jazz." As in earlier major developments in jazz, "free jazz" is characterized by new freshness of rhythm. A whole group of players may change the tempo, or speed, of a piece several times during a performance without planning to do so beforehand. But this does not mean that the music is disorganized.
Now we can see that important changes in the development of jazz always include new. ideas of rhythm. The rhythm of New Orleans jazz was new, and so were the rhythm of modern jazz and free jazz. Louis Armstrong and Charlie Parker also brought new ideas of rhythm to jazz. Each style of jazz also had new ways of making melodies, new uses of harmony, and new ways of expressing emotion. Whenever a great player, such as Armstrong or Parker, appears, other players absorb his ideas. Each man then tries to develop those ideas in his own music, in his own way.
On its way of development, jazz has produced some of America’s leading singers, instrumentalists, and composers, It is continuing to develop. Today, jazz is considered by many to be America’s art music. It has also influenced almost every other kind of music in America, Europe and even the Orient.
选项
答案
blues
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3280787.html
相关试题推荐
Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formationofaerosols
Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formationofaerosols
Airpollutionexistsnotonlyoutdoor,butalsoindoor.Ithasgreateffects
Airpollutionexistsnotonlyoutdoor,butalsoindoor.Ithasgreateffects
Airpollutionexistsnotonlyoutdoor,butalsoindoor.Ithasgreateffects
Airpollutionexistsnotonlyoutdoor,butalsoindoor.Ithasgreateffects
Homophonesareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectsof______.A、humo
Airpollutionexistsnotonlyoutdoor,butalsoindoor.Ithasgreateffectso
Airpollutionexistsnotonlyoutdoor,butalsoindoor.Ithasgreateffectso
Airpollutionexistsnotonlyoutdoor,butalsoindoor.Ithasgreateffectso
随机试题
两种不同的理想气体,若它们的最概然速率相等,则它们的()。A.平均速率相等,方
为了正确地计算产品成本,必须正确划分生产经营管理费用支出与其他支出的界限。()
简支于柱顶的静定钢筋混凝土屋架,如仅将下弦配筋增加1倍,问在同样节点荷载作用下,
在建设法规的五个层次中,其法律效力从高到低依次为()A.建设法律、建设行政法规、
金融租赁公司的单一集团客户融资集中度不得超过资本净额的()。A.20%
A.五影纹B.菠萝纹C.环纹D.铁线纹E.水波纹海龙体表突起的花纹称为
在各种食物中,含钙量占第一位的是芝麻酱,而人们熟知的牛奶仅是芝麻酱的十一分之一。
下边四个图形中,只有一个是由上边的四个图形拼合(只能通过上、下、左、右平移)而成
建设单位应当将大型的人员密集场所和其他特殊建筑工程的消防设计文件报送公安机关消防
志愿者人力资源管理的职能包括规划、组织、领导和控制等,下列属于组织职能的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)