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  3. Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that

Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that

游客2023-12-16  48
问题   Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement — utopian socialism — which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 180o8. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
  The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint- Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy. Hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint- Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint- Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
  Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
  Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.  [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the Seneca Falls conference______.
选项 A、aimed at simulating feminist movements in America
B、was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement
C、discussed the ideological development of feminism
D、focused on women’s rights in America
答案 B
解析 推断题。第一段的后半部分指出，美国的女权主义者一直以来被认为是独立的理论家，但是实际上他们都和“乌托邦社会主义”这一运动紧密相连，这一运动使女权主义思想在19世纪三四十年代的欧洲非常流行，并且最终促成了1848年在纽约Seneca Falls召开的会议。由此可见，该会议是“乌托邦社会主义”运动的产物，故选B。该会议是针对整个欧洲的，而并非仅仅美国，故排除A、D；文章中没有提到会议是否探讨了女权主义意识形态上的发展，只是在第一段段末说要想研究美国19世纪女权主义的发展就要研究欧洲相应的发展状况，故排除C。
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