首页
登录
职称英语
A "scientistic" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists
A "scientistic" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists
游客
2023-12-16
33
管理
问题
A "scientistic" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of human thought and behavior in the early part of this century, Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action) to the status of being wholly condemned. If people are regarded only as machines guided by logic as they were be these "scientistic" thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be held in low regard: for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the whole person. It presents its arguments first to the person as a rational being, because persuasive discourse, if honestly conceived, always has a basis in reasoning. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to persuade people. Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that it goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances real or fictional—that are similar to our own circumstances. Such is the purpose of both historical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or symbolically how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstances. A speech attempting to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to such hopes and fears.
Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the "scientistic" view leaves out. If it is a weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action, must either be liars themselves or be very naive; pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic. [br] Which of the following best states the author’s main point about logical argument?
选项
A、It is a sterile, abstract discipline, of little use in real life.
B、It is an essential element of persuasive discourse, but only one such element.
C、It is an important means of persuading people to act against their desires.
D、It is the lowest order of discourse because it is the less imaginative.
答案
B
解析
题是含蓄题,原文第2段最后一句指出,(因为)纯逻辑(pure logic)从来不是一种激发人们积极性的动力(a motivating force),除非纯逻辑受人类目标、情感和希望的支配(subordinated to human purposes, feelings and desires),因而(thereby)也就不再是(ceased to be)纯逻辑了。由此可以推论:逻辑论点是有说服力的讲话和文章(persuasive discourse)中必不可少的因素,但只是—种这样的因素(only one such element),还有人类目标,情感和希望这样的因素。这是作者关于逻辑论证(logical argument)的主要论点(main point)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3277061.html
相关试题推荐
______referstoasociolinguisticsituationtwovarietiesofalanguageexists
LanguageandCommunicationInthestudyoflanguage,
LanguageandCommunicationInthestudyoflanguage,
Inordertogetyourpointacrossinyourtargetlanguage,youhavetolearn
Inordertogetyourpointacrossinyourtargetlanguage,youhavetolearn
Inordertogetyourpointacrossinyourtargetlanguage,youhavetolearn
[originaltext]Host:Everylanguagehasaphrasefor"thankyou".It’sasentime
Weallknowthatprogramminglanguageisthesystemofsyntax,grammar,ands
Weallknowthatprogramminglanguageisthesystemofsyntax,grammar,ands
Cancunmeans"snakepit"inthelocalMayanlanguage,anditliveduptoitsn
随机试题
[originaltext]M:I’dliketotakeDr.Hopper’ssectionofPhysics100,butmya
美育就是艺术教育。()
患者家属加入医患关系中带来的负面效应是A.出现了从属关系 B.有时会损害患者正
颈静脉怒张不会出现在A.左心功能不全 B.右心功能不全 C.缩窄性心包炎
2014年4月l0日,中国证监会正式批复上海证券交易所和香港联合交易所开展沪港股
下列有关外商投资建设工程监理企业资质的表述错误的是( )。 A、申请外商投资
下列对于苯乙双胍的描述,哪一项是错误的A.口服有效 B.对成年型及幼年型糖尿病
按劳动效率定员是根据企业在计划期内某一类岗位的生产工作任务总量,本类岗位所实行工
多数药物在一定的剂量范围内,对不同的组织和器官所引起的药理效应和强度不同,如阿托
下列情形中,交通事故责任强制保险不需要承担保险赔偿责任的是()。A.驾驶员
最新回复
(
0
)