首页
登录
职称英语
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodica
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodica
游客
2023-12-15
18
管理
问题
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the current buzzword in reading instruction. The problem is that speed isn’t the only element to fluency, educators said, Key elements are also accuracy and expressiveness.
"The food was delectable" is different from "the food was detestable," and Shakespeare should not sound like a chemistry textbook.
It is a complicated process teaching students to recognize enough words and read at a consistent rate so they can spend their time concentrating on meaning rather than decoding, educators said. And when tackling a book such as "The Giver," one that deals with a boy’s discovery that his utopian world comes at the expense of the stifling of intellectual and emotional freedom, meaning is critical.
"Fluent readers are readers who know how to dig into a book and pull out just what they are looking for—whether it is information, a part with strong language, a part with good character development, or just a chance to read for fun," said Susan Marantz, a longtime teacher now at a suburban school in Columbus, Ohio.
Yet u combination of politics, insufficient teacher development and an inherent difficulty in capturing all aspects of fluency have led to questionable instruction practices, according to Richard Allington, a reading researcher and University of Tennessee professor.
Many students are asked by teachers to reread the same passages over and over—often with constant interruptions from the teacher. And some struggling readers are given books—including textbooks—that are above their reading level and soon become a source of frustration.
"You can make any adult a disfluent reader by giving them books that are too hard and jump in and interrupt them a lot," Allington said. "What do you think it does to kids?"
As a result, some kids are motivated to read only to beat a test clock, he and other researchers said.
"The more important question to ask is: Are teachers focusing on all three parts of fluency?" Beers, vice president-elect of the National Council of Teachers of English, wrote in an e-mail. "When fluency is only about building automaticity (and therefore speed), then some (teachers) do mistakenly believe that the point of reading is fast decoding. That’s no more the best measure of a skilled reader than fast driving is the best measure of skilled driver."
The current interest in reading fluency illustrates the complexities in the long national argument about how best to teach reading, dubbed the "reading wars."
Advocates of phonics and literature-based instruction have been at odds for years, with the argument only intensifying after a controversial 2000 report by the National Reading Panel. Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported, among other things, intensive drilling in phonics. Reading fluency also was one of the key areas for instruction, along with phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, comprehension, teacher education and computer technology. President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Let Behind law.
Although fluency had long been identified by experts as important, it then became a hot issue.
Reading researchers began devising programs to help teachers improve students’ fluency. And although there was no consensus definition of fluency, panels approving Reading First money accepted programs that used tools that stressed reading speed, according to some educators. A report by the Department of Education’s inspector general this month slammed the grant-approval processing, saying it was riddled with problems and conflicts of interest.
The result, said fluency expert Tim Rasinski of Kent State University, was a massage strut to schools to concentrate on speed. "The influence of No Child Left Behind has been such that even schools that aren’t Reading First schools are doing periodic (speed reading) testing of kids," he said.
In Ottumwa, Iowa, Evans Middle School did it a different way. Evans was declared a school in need of improvement in reading in 2004, and Principal Davis Eidahl said he adopted a program focused on reading fluency using a model constructed by Rasinski aimed at improving comprehension.
Some students, he said, came into the school reading fast but understanding little.
"They read so fast, with no punctuation and no expression that we’d go back and ask comprehension questions and they weren’t very successful answering them." he said.
To slow them down and teach them to talk with expression and comprehension, various exercises were used, including having children read passages to each other and listen to how they sound when reading, asking students to repeat passages, and adding 45 more minutes of reading time each day, he said.
Now, 71 percent of the kids am reading at grade level, up from 58 percent two years ago. What worked, Eidahl said, was addressing all aspects of fluency, maintaining consistency and most importantly, having a quality teacher.
"It all comes down to the teacher," he said. "It’s people, not programs." [br] In the second paragraph, the word "delectable" is ______ "detestable".
选项
A、synonym with
B、antonym with
C、irrelevant to
D、similar to
答案
B
解析
因为在这一段中的后一部分,作者提到读莎翁的作品有别于读化学书,表明所举的例子是相反的,所以这两个词应该是反义词,所以选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3276470.html
相关试题推荐
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,alive
[originaltext]VoiceOne:ChildrenaroundtheworldknowSesameStreetasthep
[originaltext]VoiceOne:ChildrenaroundtheworldknowSesameStreetasthep
TheUnitedStatesis______countryintheworld.A、themostpopulousB、thesecon
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,aliveWi
[originaltext]NorwayhasagreedtobecomethefirstcountryoutsideAfricato
Ittakesawhile,asyouwalkaroundthestreetsofNantes,acityofhaftam
Ittakesawhile,asyouwalkaroundthestreetsofNantes,acityofhaftam
Ittakesawhile,asyouwalkaroundthestreetsofNantes,acityofhaftam
Ittakesawhile,asyouwalkaroundthestreetsofNantes,acityofhaftam
随机试题
()是衡量可燃物质受热升温,形成自燃危险性的依据。A.燃点 B.自燃点
驾驶机动车在高速公路减速车道上行驶时,如遇前方有低速行驶的车辆,应伺机超车,以防
下列各物质的化学键中,只存在σ键的是()。A. B. C. D.
下列说法中,不属于引发缺氧窒息的主要原因的是()。A.有限空间长期通风不良
2.若荷载效应的基本组合由永久荷载效应控制,活荷载的组合系数ψc=0
人在每一瞬间,将心理活动选择了某些对象而忽略了另一些对象。这一特点指的是注意的(
关于银行利率风险,下列说法不正确的有()。A:如果银行利息收入和利息支出所依据的
真诚在咨询活动中的重要意义在于()。 A.可以使求助者感到被接纳、被信任 B
关于薪酬调查的说法,错误的是( )。A.薪酬调查可以解决薪酬的内部公平性问题
对于近水平巷道的掘进可选择的通风方式有()。A.压入式 B.抽出式 C.全
最新回复
(
0
)