首页
登录
职称英语
When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden cou
When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden cou
游客
2023-12-15
40
管理
问题
When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden country under the sun", he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there.
By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another way Orwell was right, and continues to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surprisingly alert to class—both their Own and that of others. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leave the class they were born into.
What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define arc more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere xvealth.
Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as they did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading.
A survey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of different jobs to place themselves in the working class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many new white-collar jobs offer no more autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones. Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are these days, 71 % of those polled by YouGov still said they found it very or fairly easy to figure out which class others belong to.
In addition to changes in the labour market, two other things have smudged the borders on the class map. First, since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scramble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect.
Second, barriers to fame have been lowered. Britain’s fast-growing ranks of celebrities—like David Beckham and his wife Victoria—form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to talent, or at least to those who are uninhibited enough to meet the requests of television producers. This too has made definitions more complicated.
But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian survey found that one in ten adults who call themselves working class are among the richest asset-owners, and that over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income and occupation suggest is rarer, though it happens too.
If class no longer describes a clear social, economic or even political status, is it worth paying any attention to? Possibly, yes. It is still in most cases closely correlated with.educational attainment and career expectations. [br] When some successful white-collar workers choose to stay in the working class, it implies that they are______.
选项
A、showing modesty
B、showing self-respect
C、expressing boastfulness
D、making an understatement
答案
D
解析
当成功的白领工人选择留守工人阶级阵营,暗示着他们 。本题为推理判断题。本题可以定位至倒数第二段This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case,即这往往使他们假称比实际所属的阶级更低微一些;再通过后文两个例证22%of white—collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class…the Expertian surve
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3275250.html
相关试题推荐
ThereligiousleaderoftheChurchofEnglandis______.A、Presbyterian.B、Anglic
In17th-centuryNewEngland,almosteveryonebelievedinwitches.Struggling
In17th-centuryNewEngland,almosteveryonebelievedinwitches.Struggling
ThejuryinEnglandusuallyconsistsof______citizens.A、12B、13C、14D、15A英国
TheProtestantReformationinEnglandtookplacein______.A、1558B、1529C、1534
[originaltext]PresidentGeorgeBushsayshewantstoshiftthedebateabout
B英国文学之作家作品。GeorgeBernardShaw(肖伯纳)是英国现代著名的戏剧家,其代表作为Pygmalion(《皮革玛丽翁》,又名《卖花女》)。
[originaltext]USPresidentGeorgeW.BushsaidthattheUnitedStateswillh
[originaltext]USPresidentGeorgeW.BushsaidthattheUnitedStateswillh
Pygmalionisaplayby______.A、WilliamShakespeareB、OscarWildeC、GeorgeBerna
随机试题
TheGesturalTheoryofLanguageTheinitiallanguage
Peoplehaveproved______tobetruethattheheatwegetfromcoalandoilcomes
[audioFiles]2018m7s/audio_enaekmbm_070_201806[/audioFiles]对于我而言,一开始离开我的住所、工作、梦想
中央政治局及其常务委员会是中共全国代表大会闭会期间的最高领导机构。
当暴露是疾病发生的保护因素时()A.RR=1 B.RR=0 C.RR<1
在传染病的流行期间,为保护易感人群,下列哪项预防注射无效A.类毒素 B.抗毒素
关于股票风险性的叙述,正确的是()。 ①投资者在买入股票时,对其未来收益会有
孔子文化节不仅是一场文化盛宴,更是对“郁郁乎文哉”的文明盛象的具体呈现。从最初的
在操作系统中,进程管理的主要目的是()。A.实现程序的安装、卸载 B.提高
下列关于消防工程施工要求的描述,错误的是( )。A.雨淋报警阀组的安装应在供水
最新回复
(
0
)