首页
登录
职称英语
Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, diff
Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, diff
游客
2023-12-15
63
管理
问题
Classifications of Cultures
According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.
I . High-context culture
A.feature
—context: more important than the message
—meaning 【1】______ 【1】______
i. e. more attention paid to 【2】______than 【2】______
to the message itself
B. examples
—personal space
—preference for 【3】______ 【3】______
—less respect for privacy/personal space
—attention to 【4】______ 【4】______
—concept of time
—belief in 【5】______interpretations of time 【5】______
—no concern for punctuality
—no control over time
II. Low-context culture
A. feature
—message: separate form context
—meaning 【6】______ 【6】______
B. examples
—personal space
—desire/respect for individuality/privacy
—less attention to body language
—more concern for 【7】______ 【7】______
—attitude toward time
—concept of time: 【8】______ 【8】______
—dislike of 【9】______ 【9】______
—time seen as commodity
III. Conclusion
awareness of different cultural assumptions
—relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc.
— 【10】______in successful communication 【10】______ [br]
Classifications of Cultures
Good morning everyone. Today we’ll look at culture, or rather, classifications of cultures. Usually when we deal with different people we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, it’s possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. Regarding such important and basic ideas of time, personal space and this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language, but he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What Hall believed is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum, ranging from what he called "high-context" to "low-context".
Okay, what is a high-context culture? A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance. (1)What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what’s happening in and around the message than to the message itself. (2)Now, let me give you examples. First, in terms of personal space, generally speaking in a high context culture, because there’s greater dependency on group thinking, people lean toward heavier sensory involvement or closeness to people and they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. (3) If you go into that culture people might stand closer when they’re talking to you, they might touch more and if they’re jostled in a crowd they won’t feel violated. And also, people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language, (4)because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychronic attitude toward time. Here "poly" means multiple and "chronic" means time. What this means is that they believe people, things, events, have their own time and there can’t be a standard system of time for everything. (5) What this leads them to believe is that you can’t emphasize punctuality; things happen when they’re supposed to happen. So there’s a different attitude toward time. There’s no set standard of time. You can’t control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So it’s a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time.
Now, let’s move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event, or the action is of separate entity, having meaning unto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. (6)The message, the event, the action have meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture is that people pay more attention to the event itself, rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message. For example, in terms of personal space again, there’s more emphasis on individuality, so the concept of privacy is very, very important, whereas before as I said in high-context culture they might not even be concerned with privacy or personal space. But, in a low-context culture, there’s a feeling that we each have our own personal space. If you get too close, if you don’t knock on doors before entering, that’s an invasion of privacy. People feel violated. There’s a respect and a desire for privacy. And, you will also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because, as I said, the message is, the message is everything. They’re not going to worry about all the details around it. What you say is the important thing, or what you do is the important thing. (7)Another example of a low-context culture is people’s attitude towards time. In terms of time, I said before there was a "polychronic" sense of time in a high-context culture. What do you think there would be in a low-context culture? "Monochrome," right. A monochrome sense of time, and by that we mean there is one time, and that concept means that people in a low-context culture believe that there’s one standard of time, and that should be for everything. (8)And so, I’m not willing to hear, "Oh, the traffic was heavy, that’s why I’m late," or "Oh, 1 slept late. " People in a low-context culture will be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time. (9)There shouldn’t be all this flexibility with time, and they expect punctuality. And, they look at time as almost a commodity that they use expressions like, "use time," "to waste time," "to spend time," or "time is money." All of these expressions reinforce the concept that time is actually something you can hold on to. So, what this is all about is that, Hall stresses that, people need to be aware of these different assumptions or concepts about reality. And, he thinks that this has all kind of relevance no matter what you are doing. If you’re in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if you’re dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it’s going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interaction. (10)
Okay, today we’ve taken a brief look at Edward Hall’s view of culture, mainly his classification of high or low-context culture with some examples. Next week, we’ll look at some more examples of culture on the continuum between high-context and low-context cultures.
选项
答案
words/action/event/message(itself)/what you say/what you do。
解析
(7)细节题。根据讲座原文:And,you will also see that people might pay less attention to body language,because,as I said,the message is,the message is everything.They’re not going to worry about all the details around it.What you say is the important thing,or what you
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3275231.html
相关试题推荐
AccordingtoAllan,whowilllookaftertheinterestofforeignstudentsatuniv
Accordingtolegend,Aesculapiusboretwodaughters,PanaceaandHyegeia,who
[originaltext]InspectorInterviewer:Accordingto
[originaltext]InspectorInterviewer:Accordingto
[originaltext]InspectorInterviewer:Accordingto
[originaltext]InspectorInterviewer:Accordingto
Notsurprisingly,interactionamongpeoplesofdifferentculturesisoftenfi
Notsurprisingly,interactionamongpeoplesofdifferentculturesisoftenfi
Sometimesoon,accordingtoanimal-rightactivities,agreatapewilltestify
Sometimesoon,accordingtoanimal-rightactivities,agreatapewilltestify
随机试题
AllthefollowingsentencescontainanadverbialclauseofpurposeEXCEPTA、Iam
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions29-40whicharebasedonReading
[img]2012q2/ct_eyyjsbz2010a_eyyjsbtranb_0191_20124[/img]中国2010年上海世博会吉祥物的名字叫
[originaltext]W:Charles,Iwanttoaskifyouknowanythingabouthotelsonth
因为每个状态方程等号左边只有一个状态变量的导数项,因此应尽可能选用含有一个电容
医疗质量管理重点环节不包括下列哪项()A.重点因素 B.重点时间 C
下列文件中,属于商业银行贷款类文件的是()。A.企业法人执照 B.已正式签
下列关于苯妥英钠性质的叙述不正确的是A.治疗癫痫大发作和部分性发作的首选药B.水
我国《未成年人保护法》规定,营业性歌舞娱乐场所、互联网上网服务营业场所等不适宜未
关于IgG的特性,下列说法中不正确的是A.唯一能通过胎盘的抗体 B.可介导AD
最新回复
(
0
)