首页
登录
职称英语
The American Indians——A people in Crisis Indians lived in Nor
The American Indians——A people in Crisis Indians lived in Nor
游客
2023-12-11
9
管理
问题
The American Indians——A people in Crisis
Indians lived in North America long before the continent was settled
by Europeans. Through a long and difficult struggle that continues to this
day, the Indians have striven to【1】______their traditions, their religion【1】______
, and their culture. But the problem is that nowadays conditions
which favored the old life are gone for ever, and many Indians are unable
to【2】______the white man’s ways. 【2】______
Thousands of years before Columbus came to the New World, the
Indians entered North America by crossing a narrow strip of land that
once【3】______ Alaska and Siberia. These migrants entered a new 【3】______
world in which there were no people at all. But there were many animals
to hunt, and there were【4】______ where nuts, roots, and berries 【4】______
could be gathered. Some of Indians moved south into Central and South
America. Others traveled【5】______to the Atlantic Ocean. Eventually【5】______
, the people who became the American Indians had spread across North
America
There are at least【6】______separate Indian languages in North 【6】______
America, each with its own grammar and vocabulary. And none is related
in any way to English or any other European language.
The regions of North America where the newcomers lived
【7】______greatly in climate and food supply. The regional differences【7】______
produced two quite different types of Indians: the Plains Indians
and the Village Indians. The former, living in the plains and eastern
forests where game was plentiful, hunted and fished. While the latter,
living in tile dry【8】______, built mud brick houses and develop 【8】______
【9】______ 【9】______
From the European viewpoint, the Indians were a primitive ston
age people, who made their【10】______ from stone, bone or wood. 【10】______
They did not know how to work metal. [br] 【7】
The American Indians—A People in Crisis
Good morning, everybody. In today’s lecture I’d like to talk about American Indians who are considered a people in crisis. Indians were the first Americans. They lived in North America long before the continent was settled by Europeans. Through a long and difficult struggle that continues to this day, the Indians have striven to preserve their traditions, their religion, and their culture. In this they have shown great determination, continuing to hunt and fish or to manage small farms just as their ancestors did. But compared to other Americans, most Indians are poor. And this is their problem. Conditions which favored the old life are gone for ever, and yet many Indians are unable to adopt the white man’s ways. Now some of them are in trouble with the law. How did this trouble start? Who are the Indians? Where did they come from? Where do they live today? Why is it so difficult for them to assimilate?
The American Indians are of Asian ancestry. Thousands of years before Columbus came to the New World, they entered North America by crossing a narrow strip of land that once connected Alaska and Siberia. Ancient geological changes raised the level of the oceans covering this natural bridge with water. Today this place is called the Bering Strait. At its narrowest point, the Strait is only 56 miles wide. In ancient times, as today, a crossing there, even by primitive boat, must have been comparatively easy.
The migrants entered a new world in which there were no people at all. But there were many animals to hunt, and there were forests where nuts, roots, and berries could he gathered. Living comfortably on this food supply, the newcomers spread out. Some moved south into Central and South America. Others travelled east to the Atlantic Ocean. These migrations were gradual, probably taking thousands of years. Eventually, the people who became the American Indians had spread across North America.
These migrants contained groups of quite different cultural ancestry. This is evident in the variety of languages they spoke. There are at least 200 separate Indian languages in North America, each with its own grammar and vocabulary. And none is related in any way to English or any other European language.
The regions of North America where the newcomers lived varied greatly in climate mid food supply. In the plains and eastern forests where game was plentiful, the Indians hunted and fished. In the dry Southwest, they fanned. These regional differences explain the richness and variety of Indian culture: dissimilar economics produced quite different systems of society.
For instance, many Indians of the Southwest, such as the Hopi and the Zuni, were village Indians. They built mud brick houses and developed agriculture. Many of them learned to irrigate; others became expert dry farmers. They grew beans, corn and other vegetables. They made baskets, raised and wove cotton, and made beautiful pottery.
The Sioux, on the other hand, were Plains Indians. They were nomads who moved from the place in the area that is now North and South Dakota, Nebraska, and Minnesota. Being great hunters, they were able to kill the buffalo. Killing a buffalo was no easy matter. It took skill and courage. When a herd was sighted, the men, who were called "braves", would creep silently through the tall grass toward an animal on the edge of the herd. Then they would shoot it with their bows and arrows. A safer method often used by the Indians was to drive the herd over a steep cliff. The animals would be killed by the fall. Any survivors would be quickly finished off by the Indian braves at the bottom of the cliff. Then the Sioux would have a great feast. There was plenty of meat for everyone. They made tents from the buffalo skins, and also used it for clothes and shoes.
From the European viewpoint, the Indians were a primitive stone age people, who made their tools from stone, bone or wood. The Indians did not know how to work metal. Their farms, if they had any, were small. And they did not ranch. These were all enterprises which the whites were eager to start, but the Indians were in the way. A cultural clash was unavoidable.
选项
答案
varied
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3263895.html
相关试题推荐
IntheUnitedStates,_______ofthetotalofthepopulationareAsianAmericans
TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcerti
TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcerti
TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcerti
TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcerti
TheAmericancitizenwhowasabductedinPakistan[br][originaltext]AnAme
TheAmericancitizenwhowasabductedinPakistan[originaltext]AnAmerican
WhyPeopleworkWemayfullyrealizetheroleofworkin
WhyPeopleworkWemayfullyrealizetheroleofworkin
WhyPeopleworkWemayfullyrealizetheroleofworkin
随机试题
MyViewonNEET1.目前,在中国的农村和城市都有“啃老族”2.这种现象产生的原因3.如何应对这种现象
GivetheSenatesomecredit:inshapingthecurrentimmigration-reformbill,
作业时,装茲机变矩器油温不得超过();超过时,应停机降温。A.50℃ B.8
从B大洲最大港口至G大洲最大港口,沿最短海上航线所经过的海峡依次是下图中的(
交流电源相间电压值应不超过420V、不低于()V,三相不平衡值应小于10V
水肿的严重变证可表现为A.恶心呕吐 B.小便量少 C.神昏肢冷 D.口有
中国历史上第一部民法草案共分五编,其中由修订法律馆会同礼学馆起草的部分是()A
下列工作中,属于工程项目前期阶段工作的有()。A.项目可行性研究 B.项目评估
在煤矿生产施工中,通常造成职工伤亡事故的危害′因素有( )。A.瓦斯爆炸
A.青少年 B.妇女 C.老年 D.青壮年 E.儿童股骨颈骨折多见于
最新回复
(
0
)