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  3. Disgust Makes Us Truly Sick "He makes me sick" is not us

Disgust Makes Us Truly Sick "He makes me sick" is not us

游客2023-12-11  12
问题                     Disgust Makes Us Truly Sick
    "He makes me sick" is not usually a statement about the flu. It’s a judgment about someone’s behavior, a sentence delivered with complete disgust about one of our fellow human beings who doesn’t know how to behave properly.
    It’s interesting that this metaphor for disapproval can also be very real.
    When we see bad behavior, we often do feel sick. The hand goes to the mouth, the disgust sets in, and we turn up our noses as if something foul just walked by. Researchers at the University of Toronto have also just discovered that people react to disgusting photographs, and moral disgust with similar facial movements.
    In other words, the moral code must be biologically based because we react the same to rotten milk, pictures of rotten feet.
    The idea that morality has a deep, evolutionary basis has been around for a while In 1996, primatologist Frans de Waal wrote in his book "Good Natured" that humans were not the only species to feel moral outrage and the need for social justice; chimpanzees, too, are moral animals with a social code that keeps the group in line. If chimps had the beginning of morality, then it must have been part of our nature for ages.
    At the time, de Waal’s evolutionary perspective on morality went against the very foundations of Western civilization. Philosophers, cultural anthropologists and historians held that moral rules were a recent addition to human societies, something that separated us from the apes. But clearly, it has deep roots. Morality is, after all, universal among us, which suggests that it is part of human nature.
    But just because we wrinkle our noses at bad behavior and just because chimpanzees are moral philosophers does not mean that the contents of the moral code itself is all hardwired. Children in some cultures are beaten regularly, while in other places, physical punishment is completely wrong. The moral code also shifts with time. Smoking is considered morally wrong in U. S. social situations these days but not so long ago was accepted in every house and every office.
    We need these mutually agreed—upon social rights and wrongs because without some structure we’d be a bunch of headless chickens running around unable to function as a group. It’s therefore a good thing evolution has given us the capacity to make some moral rules and be disgusted by those who break them.
    For once, it seems, the nature and nurture people are both right. Our capacity to have a moral code is surely part of our fundamental social nature, a necessary part of group living. But at the same time, we get to decide what is right and wrong, and that makes morality a collective thought process that works for the group, not just the individual. It also apparently allows us to judge when the milk has gone sour and that there are some things we’d just as soon not look at. [br] "He makes me sick" is mentioned to______.
选项 A、illustrate the diversity of language expressions
B、emphasize the influence of the bad behaviors
C、correlate morality and physical reaction
D、exemplify the role of metaphor in daily life
答案 C
解析 本题考查作者意图。作者在文章开篇即指出所举的比喻句并不是用来描述感冒，而是人们对有失德行之人的评价用语。第二段紧接着提出这种比喻也可体现在人的生理反应上。第三段至文章结尾具体指出了道德判断同人的生理反应之间的联系。可见，文章开始提到这种比喻目的是引出全文论述的观点，即引出精神和生理之问的关系，[C]选项正确。[A]、[D]选项就事论事，没有跳出举例的具体内容。显然．文章并未涉及语言的复杂性以及现实和文学之间的差异，故排除。[B]选项是利用原文词汇“bad behavior”捏造的干扰项，文章第三段确实简要介绍了恶劣行径会导致人做出一系列的举动，但从第四段开始文章主要围绕着道德同生理反应之间的联系展开叙述，因此排除[B]选项。
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