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  3. Borrow, Speculate and Hope The National Association

Borrow, Speculate and Hope The National Association

游客2023-12-11  25
问题                         Borrow, Speculate and Hope
    The National Association of Securities Dealers is investigating whether some brokerage houses are inappropriately pushing individuals to borrow large sums on their houses to invest in the stock market. Can we persuade the association to investigate would-be privatizers of Social Security? For it is now apparent that the Bush administration’s privatization proposal will amount to the same thing borrow trillions, put the money in the stock market and hope.
    Privatization would begin by diverting payroll taxes, which pay for current Social Security benefits, into personal investment accounts. The government would have to borrow to make up the shortfall. This would sharply increase the government’s debt. "Nevermind", privatization advocates say, "in the long run, people would make so much on personal accounts that the government could save money by cutting retirees’ benefits."
    Even so, if personal investment accounts were invested in Treasury bonds, this whole process would accomplish precisely nothing. The interest workers would receive on their accounts would exactly match the interest the government would have to pay on its additional debt. To compensate for the initial borrowing, the government would have to cut future benefits so much that workers would gain nothing at all. However, privatizers claim that these investments would make a lot of money and that, in effect, the government, not the workers, would reap most of those gains, because as personal accounts grew, the government could cut benefits.
    We can argue at length about whether the high stock returns such schemes assume are realistic (they aren’t) , but let’s cut to the chase in essence, such schemes involve having the government borrow heavily and put the money in the stock market. That’s because the government would, in effect, rob workers’ gains in their personal accounts by cutting those workers’ benefits.
    Once you realize what privatization really means, it doesn’t sound too responsible, does it? But the details make it considerably worse. First, financial markets would, correctly, treat the reality of huge deficits today as a much more important indicator of the government’s financial health than the mere promise that government could save money by cutting benefits in the distant future. After all, a government bond is a legally binding promise to pay, while a benefits formula that supposedly cuts costs 40 years from now is nothing more than a suggestion to future Congresses. If a privatization plan passed in 2005 called for steep benefit cuts in 2045, what are the odds that those cuts would really happen? Second, a system of personal accounts would pay huge brokerage fees. Of course, from Wall Street’s point of view that’s a benefit, not a cost. [br] According to the author, "privatizers" are those______.
选项 A、borrowing from banks to invest in the stock market
B、who invest in Treasury bonds
C、advocating the government to borrow money from citizens
D、who earn large sums of money in personal accounts
答案 C
解析 本题考查事实细节。文章一开始提到一些将银行贷款用于股票市场投资的人，只是为了引出后面的文章主题，即，社会保障私有化方案和这一政策的支持者privatizers。排除[A]项。从第一一段末句可知私有化的特点是：借大量的钱投资；第三段进一步指出私有化的特点是：将本应该归入社会保障的工资税变成个人投资。为了弥补社会福利的亏空(make up the shortfall)，政府必须借钱。就此，我们可以得出结论，privatizers是美国社会保障私有化这一政策的支持者，私有化的必然结果就是政府通过债券的形式向公民借款，[C]项正确。[B]和[D]项指的私有化方案下的个人或政府。
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