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  3. The advantage of associating the birth of democracy with the Mayflower Compa

The advantage of associating the birth of democracy with the Mayflower Compa

游客2023-12-07  59
问题     The advantage of associating the birth of democracy with the Mayflower Compact is that it is easy to do so. The public believes a simple explanation that on November 11, 1620, when the compact was approved, a cornerstone of American democracy was laid. Certainly it makes it easier on schoolchildren. Making the start of democracy in 1620 relieves students of the responsibility of knowing what happened in the hundred some years before, from the arrival of the Santa Maria to the landing of the Mayflower.
    Surely, the compact demonstrated the Englishman’s striking capacity for self-government. And in affirming the principle of majority rule, the Pilgrims showed how far they had come from the days when the king’s whim was law and nobody dared say otherwise.
    But the emphasis on the compact is misplaced. Scholarly research in the last century indicates that the compact had nothing to do with the development of the self-government in America. In truth, the Mayflower Compact was no more a cornerstone of American democracy than the Pilgrim hut was the foundation of American architecture. As Samuel Morison so emphatically put it, American democracy "was not born in the cabin of the Mayflower".
    The Pilgrims indeed are miscast as the heroes of American democracy. They spurned democracy and would have been shocked to see themselves help up as its defenders. George Willison, regarded as one of the most careful students of the Pilgrims, states that "the merest glance at the history of Plymouth" shows that they were not democrats.
    The mythmakers would have us believe that even if the Pilgrims themselves weren’t democratic, the Mayflower Compact itself was. But in fact the compact was expressly designed to check freedom, not promote it. The Pilgrim governor and historian, William Bradford, from whom we have gotten nearly all of the information there is about the Pilgrims, frankly conceded as much. Bradford wrote that the purpose of the compact was to control traitors aboard the Mayflower who were threatening to go their own way when the ship reached land. Because the Pilgrims had decided to settle in an area outside the jurisdiction of their royal patent, some aboard the Mayflower had hinted that upon landing they would "use their own liberty, for none had power to command them". Under the terms of the compact, they couldn’t; the compact required all who lived in the colony to "promise all due submission and obedience" to it.
    Moreover, despite the compact’s mention of majority rule, the Pilgrim fathers had no intention of turning over the colony’s government to the people. Plymouth was to be ruled by the elite. And the elite wasn’t shameful in the least about advancing its claims to superiority. When the Mayflower Compact was signed, the elite signed first. The second rank consisted of the "goodmen" and the bottom four servants. No women or children signed. [br] The public considers the Mayflower Compact as
选项 A、the birth of English democracy.
B、the birth of American responsibility.
C、the birth of American democracy.
D、the birth of American freedom.
答案 C
解析 事实细节题。由题干中的关键词the public可以将信息定位于第一段第二句。从该处可知，公众相信这样一种简单的解释：1620年的11月11日，也就是协议生效的那天，是美国民主的奠基日。由此可见，公众认为“五月花号协议”是“美国民主的诞生”，故[C]正确。“五月花号协议”是由从英国逃离的清教徒签订的，他们虽是英国人，但这份协议的签订是为了摆脱英国的统治，因此[A]不正确；第一段虽然提到了responsibility，但是指对学生而言的，故[B]排除；本段并未提到freedom，虽然下文中出现过，但与本题无关，属于偷换概念的迷惑项，所以[D]也不正确。
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