首页
登录
职称英语
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Disti
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Disti
游客
2023-11-23
60
管理
问题
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets were rarely added. These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however, hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country.
British surnames fall mainly into four broad categories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it is true, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely translated, adapted or abbreviated; or artificial names.
In fact, over fifty percent of genuine British surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belong to the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belong to this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home in the ancient village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means "the son of Simon", as might be expected.
Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognizable after a little thought: Arther, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of others are more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialization in medieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are "Day", (Old English for breadmaker) and "Walker" (a fuller whose job was to clean and thicken newly, made cloth).
All these vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names often lack. Some, it is true, like "Long", "Short" or "Little", are simple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking: their meanings are slightly different from the modern ones. "Black" and. "White" implied dark and fair respectively. "Sharp" meant genuinely discerning, alert, acute rather than quick-witted or clever.
Place-names have a lasting interest since there is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some time given its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they may be pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive with relatively little change from old-English times are "Mil ton" (middle enclosure) and "Hilton" (enclosure on a hill). [br] We learn from the first paragraph that ______ for many years after the 13th and 14th centuries.
选项
A、family names became descriptive and occupational
B、people in some areas still had no surnames
C、some people kept changing their surnames
D、all family names fixed in England
答案
C
解析
段落主题推断题。根据第一段最后一句“for many years after that (the 13th and 14th centuries),the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country”,我们可以断定尽管13和14世纪以后姓氏就固定下来了,但有些仍在不断地改变其姓氏,所以C是正确的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3213335.html
相关试题推荐
PassageOne(1)SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyse
PassageOne(1)SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyse
PassageOne(1)SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyse
InNewEnglandandelsewheretherearefinedairy,fruit,andvegetablefar
InNewEnglandandelsewheretherearefinedairy,fruit,andvegetablefar
InNewEnglandandelsewheretherearefinedairy,fruit,andvegetablefar
ThemenandwomenofAnglo-SaxonEnglandnormallyboreonenameonly.Disti
Theyear1400openedwithmorepeacefulnessthanusualinEngland.Onlyafe
1 SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfind
1 SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfind
随机试题
ReadthetextbelowabouttheU.S.economy.Inmostofthelines41-52therei
[originaltext]W:Oh,Johnson,Iwanttotalktoyou.M:Hi,Jenny.What’sup?W
Geneticallymodified(GM)foodsarefoodsderivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorgan
Thenumberofexecutivebranchemployeesretiringthisfiscalyear,whichen
A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6
已知关于x的方程2x2+x+a=0无实数根,关于y的方程y=ax+4a2+4+1
当前,发展的优势蕴藏于知识和科技之中,社会财富日益向拥有知识和科技优势的国家和地
A.猪苓B.茵陈C.泽泻D.茯苓E.垂盆草可治疗梅尼埃病的药物是
A.将浸出液浓缩成一定浓度后预先冷冻结成固体,并把水分直接升华出去干燥的方法
企业制度文化层是()。A.企业物质文明与精神文明的中介 B.企业组织文明与精神
最新回复
(
0
)