首页
登录
职称英语
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Disti
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Disti
游客
2023-11-23
50
管理
问题
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets were rarely added. These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however, hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country.
British surnames fall mainly into four broad categories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it is true, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely translated, adapted or abbreviated; or artificial names.
In fact, over fifty percent of genuine British surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belong to the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belong to this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home in the ancient village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means "the son of Simon", as might be expected.
Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognizable after a little thought: Arther, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of others are more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialization in medieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are "Day", (Old English for breadmaker) and "Walker" (a fuller whose job was to clean and thicken newly, made cloth).
All these vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names often lack. Some, it is true, like "Long", "Short" or "Little", are simple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking: their meanings are slightly different from the modern ones. "Black" and. "White" implied dark and fair respectively. "Sharp" meant genuinely discerning, alert, acute rather than quick-witted or clever.
Place-names have a lasting interest since there is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some time given its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they may be pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive with relatively little change from old-English times are "Mil ton" (middle enclosure) and "Hilton" (enclosure on a hill). [br] Which of the following sentences is an opinion rather than a fact?
选项
A、Hundreds of occupational names are at once familiar to us.
B、Black and "White" implied "dark" and "fair" respectively.
C、Vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity.
D、Every place in England has given its name to a family.
答案
A
解析
细节判断题。文中第五段中提及了B和C,D在第六段中被提到,所以均是事实,可以排除,只有A陈述的是人们对occupational names的看法,而不是事实,所以为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3213337.html
相关试题推荐
PassageOne(1)SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyse
PassageOne(1)SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyse
PassageOne(1)SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyse
PassageThreeWhenGeorgeOrwellwrotein1941thatEnglandwas"themos
PassageThreeWhenGeorgeOrwellwrotein1941thatEnglandwas"themos
InNewEnglandandelsewheretherearefinedairy,fruit,andvegetablefar
InNewEnglandandelsewheretherearefinedairy,fruit,andvegetablefar
ThemenandwomenofAnglo-SaxonEnglandnormallyboreonenameonly.Disti
Theyear1400openedwithmorepeacefulnessthanusualinEngland.Onlyafe
1 SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfind
随机试题
Driverlesstrainsareatypeoftrainfirstdevelopedinthe1960s.Asthename
TulipswereintroducedintoHollandbeforethe17thcenturybutitdidnott
下面在绘图中哪些对softlight(柔光)模式的描述是正确的:
某高速公路工程交工验收,检测人员需要对路面进行现场检测。该工程的路面为沥青混凝土
女性,25岁,心悸、甲状腺肿大,并伴有轻度呼吸不畅,压迫感,首次妊娠两个月余.诊
"亚硝酸钠一硫代硫酸钠"疗法:立即将亚硝酸异戊酯1~2支包在手帕或纱布内弄碎,给
不符合大肠癌扩散的描述是A.可直接蔓延至邻近器官 B.可经淋巴道转移到结肠上、
与一般的银行储蓄存款相比,大额可转让定期存单的特点有()。A.利率可以是固定的
(2014年真题)甲公司是一家化工生产企业,生产单一产品,按正常标准成本进行成本
根据《支付结算办法》的规定,采用汇兑方式,如果收款人转账支付的,该账户的款项可以
最新回复
(
0
)