2. 职称英语
  3. That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our think

That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our think

游客2023-11-23  23
问题     That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems obvious. But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people’ s relationship with their natural environment and, provide food, clothing, and shelter. Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural habitual. Some societal variation derives from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
     We confront a habitat and evolve a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural traits. Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaption. Likewise, technology —the application of knowledge for practical ends   allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest sense, technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, solar, and so on). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our cultures to expand and change. Other changes follow as well. [br] Different ways of life exist among different peoples because of______.
选项 A、their adaptive value
B、their distinctive value
C、lack of better technology
D、mutual isolation
答案 A
解析 文章的主旨表达在第一段最后两句。这两句指出，适应于一个社会的生活习惯未必适应于另一个社会。生活方式的不同不是产生于某个民族或社会的别出心裁，而是在不断的生存实践中通过适应及改造环境形成的。因此，每一种文化都有其生存性(或适应性)价值，它的民族特色不是为特色而特色(选择项B的意思)，而是从本质上来说具有生存意义。 B意为：“它们的区别性价值”。
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