首页
登录
职称英语
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a
游客
2023-11-09
21
管理
问题
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture".
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. [br] The "nature" theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores
选项
A、are the result of the educational disadvantages.
B、are a manifestation of the blacks’ poor intelligence.
C、have nothing to do with their true intelligence.
D、have nothing to do with factors other than heredity.
答案
D
解析
将第5段第3句与第3段结合起来,可以确定D为本题答案,只有D才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。A是另一派,即行为主义者的看法;原文该处虽也有intelligent一词,但是“天性论”者关注的并非分数与真正的智力之间的关系,他们关注的是造成黑人分数低下的原因,事实上,原文也没有提到分数和智力之间是否存在某种关系,因此B、C都没有原文依据。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3171683.html
相关试题推荐
Thegovernmentpolicyisthatservicesforthepeoplewithmentalillnessshould
PeopleinYemenwentouttoprotestagainst[br][originaltext](21)Thousan
Peoplearemorelikelytomakeapurchase______.[br][originaltext]W:Ijust
Peoplearemorelikelytomakeapurchase______.[br][originaltext]W:Ijust
Peoplearemorelikelytomakeapurchase______.[originaltext]W:Ijustreada
Thenorth-east,with60millionpeople,isthemost______populatedpartoftheU
Itstandstoreasonthatifyouare______andfriendlytopeopleyouwillgetal
Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkills______peopleeachyeartha
Thecityissaidbythelocalpeople______thechancetoholdthe2012OlympicGa
Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseits
随机试题
SummaryListentothepassage.Forquestions26-30,completethenotesusing
在SELECT语句中,下列子句用于对搜索的结果进行排序()。A.HAVIN
中国共产党的全国代表大会每五年召开一次,这是党的十二大决定的。
4个月小儿未接种过卡介苗,结核菌素试验呈阳性表示A:受过结核感染,但不一定有活动
下列哪些是电缆本体的例行巡视项目()(A)接地设备应连接可靠,无松动、断开(
质量管理是指在质量方面指挥和控制组织的协调的活动,有关其定义的理解不正确的是(
针对孩子的教育,老师和父母不能“________”。________家庭教育是学
A.低钾血症 B.等渗性缺水 C.高渗性缺水 D.水过多 E.低钙血症急
根据资源税法的规定,下列各项中,不属于资源税征税范围的是()。A.人造石油
下列各项中,不属于财务报表审计的前提条件的是()。A.管理层设计、执行和维
最新回复
(
0
)