首页
登录
职称英语
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set
游客
2023-11-06
33
管理
问题
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur, and we are not talking about simple carelessness as occurs when two numbers are incorrectly added, nor do we mean errors resulting from simple forgetfulness. Rather, we have in mind errors of a logic nature—those resulting from faulty reasoning. Now, or at least soon, computers will be capable Of error-free logical reasoning in a variety of areas. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the last two decades’ research in the field of automated theorem proving. AURA (Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that best exemplifies this use of the computer.
AURA solves a problem by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. Program does not learn, nor is it self-analytical, but it reaches logical conclusions flawlessly. It used various types of reasoning and, more important, has access to very powerful and sophisticated logical strategies. AURA seldom relies on brute force to find solutions. Instead it
solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction. One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For ex- ample, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy, known as the set of support strategy, lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem. Almost never does the program proceed by carrying out an exhaustive search.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist "expert systems" that include a component for reasoning. An expert system is a special-purpose program designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert programs, unlike human experts, do not die. Such systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span. Moreover, they can be replicated for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? Certainly not. It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce — that is, design more clever computer programs and more efficient, more useful components. Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress, learn from their attempts to solve a problem, and redirect their attack on a problem. Such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Their impact will be felt in design, manufacturing, law, medicine, and other areas. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas. These ideas will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided. [br] The author’s primary concern is to______.
选项
A、refute and objection
B、discuss recent developments
C、correct a misconception
D、recommend a solution
答案
B
解析
本文主要讨论了计算机在逻辑方面的研究上的最新动向,并重点探讨了AURA在目前以及将来的应用,由此可知答案为B 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3163853.html
相关试题推荐
ThereasonIplantogois______ifIdon’t.A、becauseshewillbedisappointedB、
Cancomputersreason?Reasoningrequirestheindividualtotakeagivenset
Cancomputersreason?Reasoningrequirestheindividualtotakeagivenset
Cancomputersreason?Reasoningrequirestheindividualtotakeagivenset
Whichofthefollowingrequirestheleastworkingtime?[br][originaltext]
Whichofthefollowingrequirestheleastworkingtime?[originaltext]Asa
Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleani
Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleani
Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleani
Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleani
随机试题
密闭水箱如图所示,已知水深h=1m,自由面上的压强p0=90kN/m2,当地大气
下列关于项目型组织优缺点的描述中,不正确的是()。A.项目型组织结构单一
根据评价的对象不同,信用评级可分为( )。A.客户评级 B.公司评级 C.
促炎症细胞因子包括A、TNF B、IL-1 C、IL-8 D、IL-6
血小板黏附率参考值范围是A.71%~88%B.89%~100%C.17%~34%
下列加点词语在古代和现代含义相同的是()。
小王是四川地震介入灾区开展服务的一名社工,主要开展震后情绪支持小组活动,在服务过
按照《商业银行个人理财业务管理暂行办法》的规定,商业银行最迟在销售计划前10日,
关于分部分项工程成本分析资料来源的说法,正确的有()。A:预算成本以施工图和定额
某施工单位承建一矿井井底车场及硐室工程,编制的施工网络计划如图所示,其中井底车场
最新回复
(
0
)