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  3. Teachers in the United States earn less relative to national income than the

Teachers in the United States earn less relative to national income than the

游客2023-10-31  31
问题     Teachers in the United States earn less relative to national income than their counterparts in many industrialized countries, yet they spend far more hours in front of the classroom, according to a major new international study.
    The salary differentials are part of a pattern of relatively low public investment in education in the United States compared with other member nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a group in Paris that compiled the report. Total government spending on educational institutions in the United States slipped to 4.8 percent of gross domestic production in 1998, falling under the international average 5 percent-for the first time.
    "The whole economy has grown faster than the education systems," Andreas Schleicher, one of the report’s authors explained. "The economy has done very well, but teachers have not fully benefited."
    The report, due out today, is the sixth on education published since 1991 by the organization of 30 nations, founded in 1960, and now covering much of Europe, North America, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the teacher pay gap, the report shows the other countries have begun to catch up with the United States in higher education: college enrollment has grown by 20 percent since 1995 across the group, with one in four young people now earning degrees. For the first time, the United States college graduation rate, now at 33 percent, is not the world highest. Finland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Britain have surpassed it.
    The United States is also producing fewer mathematics and science graduates than most of the other member states. And, the report says, a college degree produces a greater boost in income here while the lack of a high school diploma imposes a bigger income penalty.
    "The number of graduates is increasing, but that stimulates even more of a demand—there is no end in sight," Mr. Schleicher said, "The demand for skill, clearly, is growing faster than the supply that is coming from schools and colleges."
    The report lists the salary for a high school teacher in the United States with 15 years experiences as $36,219, above the international average of $31,887 but behind seven other countries and less than 60 percent of Switzerland’s $62,052. Because teachers in the United States have a heavier classroom load, teaching almost a third more hours than their counterparts abroad, their salary per hour of actual teaching, $35, is less than the international average of $41 (Denmark, Spain and Germany pay more than $50 per teaching hour, South Korea $77). [br] An appropriate title for the passage might be
选项 A、Educational Problems Caused by Economy.
B、Education Study Finds U.S. Falling Behind.
C、Higher Dropout Rates in the U.S. today.
D、A Distinct Contrast Between U.S. and Abroad.
答案 B
解析 本文从美国教师待遇不高人手，通过一份OECD报告指出美国的教育发展正呈下降趋势；教育投入比重、教师课酬等低于世界平均水平；其他许多国家不断赶超美国。种种迹象表明，美国教育正在逐步落后。由此可见，B为本题答案。文中虽有经济发展教育相对滞后的叙述，但这并不是本文讨论的重点，故A可排除；全文没有中途辍学的表述，故C也可排除。D最具干扰性，因为文中有很多美国和其他国家数据对比的叙述，但全文以0ECD的报告为线索，着重指出的是美国教育出现的问题，和其他圈家的对比也是为了突出这个论点，故D也应排除。
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