2. 职称英语
  3. (1) It’s no secret that Brits love to talk about the weather. It’s essential

(1) It’s no secret that Brits love to talk about the weather. It’s essential

游客2023-10-21  28
问题     (1) It’s no secret that Brits love to talk about the weather. It’s essentially a national pastime. This is a country, for instance, where the Shipping Forecast is a beloved institution, even among the vast majority of Brits whose livelihoods don’t depend on the sea.
    (2) All of this talk about weather has led to a number of words that enliven British English. Take "Northern nanny", which describes cold hail and windstorm coming from the north, or "moor-gallop", a sudden squall on a moor. Lexicographer Susan Rennie says that English dialects are "rich in weather words and I love ’dinderex’, a Devon term for a bolt of lightning which literally means ’thunder-axe’. "
    (3) As the U.K. is marked by a high density of regional accents and dialects, many of these words are very local. It’s clear that there are geographically specific patterns to the use of weather words. One example comes from the BBC’s Voices project, which in 2005 aimed to map current patterns in language use. This showed that the UK’s 10 favourite words to describe a light rain included "picking", although this is mainly used in a few parts of Wales.
    (4) "It is not surprising that there are far more words for bad weather in both English and Scots than for good weather, " says Rennie. "Partly this is because, over the centuries, our ancestors have encountered more distinct types of rain, wind and snow than sunshine. But it also reflects the potential dangers posed by bad weather and the need for exact and unambiguous communication."
    (5) Weather words aren’t just many and diverse—they also show a whimsical (古怪的) attitude towards language. After all, Brits love word-play. This fascination with language games extends to the way Brits talk about the weather. Describing a storm as a "hurly-burly" is one example. The onomatopoeia of "feefle", a Scots word for snow swirling around a corner, is another.
    (6) Weather is compared to food, as with "custard wind" (cold, easterly winds on England’s northeast coast). It’s likened to animals, for instance a "cat’s nose" (cool north-westerly wind), or "raining cats and dogs" (the exact etymology is contested, but the phrase has English origins).
    (7) Whimsical weather words aren’t the sole purview of the British. Other variants of English also have plenty. There’s "sugar weather" in Canada, to describe the cold weather that gets maple syrup running, and "toad-strangler" (very heavy rain) along the Gulf Coast of the U.S.
    (8) But many of these colourful words aren’t used very often these days. It is noted that when it comes to regionally specific terms, like Nottingham’s "goose fair morning" to describe a bright but cool daybreak, many have probably fallen out of common usage as people have become detached from or less dependent on the weather for their fortunes.
    (9) Clifford Sofield, senior assistant editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, says that three types of weather-related words tend to sound comical to the ears of English speakers. Firstly, "words that sound peculiar to a person are ones that they’re not familiar with or words that they have heard but haven’t used themselves." These include terms that were once used more widely, but now have become regionalisms. For example, "airish" (for cool weather) is now mainly used in Scotland—and the southern U.S.
    (10) Secondly, words and usages that have become obsolete strike us as odd. Shakespeare used "naughty" to describe the weather in King Lear; a University of Liverpool research project which is examining historical records of U. K. weather events has uncovered examples of the weather being described as mischievous or misbehaving. But it would be eccentric to refer to a naughty wind today.
    (11) Finally, Sofield says, there are weather words that are new or sound like they’re new. "Mizzling" might seem like a neologism combining mist and drizzling, but it actually derives from the Dutch "miezelen" (drizzle)—which itself may stem from words for "urinate".
    (12) Creativity—when it comes to creating weather expressions—is unlikely to stop any time soon. One example, from the last 20 or 30 years, is the term "lumps of rain" to describe heavy, thick rainfall. So if centuries of linguistic history (or U.K. weather) have shown us anything, it’s that the future of British English will continue to include many words for "letty", "stoating" or "specking"—that is, many words for rain. (本文选自 bbc. com) [br] The example of "goose fair morning" in Para. 8 indicates the influence of________on the lexicon.
选项 A、constraints of weather conditions
B、variations in natural environments
C、development of social economy
D、changed life routines
答案 C
解析 推断题。原文第八段指出很多有趣的天气词汇现在已经鲜有人用了。其中第二句中讲到“鹅市早展”这个词汇不再使用，是因为人们摆脱了天气限制或不太依赖天气决定其财富了。因此，这个词可以反映出社会经济的发展对词汇的影响，故答案为C。A“天气条件的限制”与原文正好相反，故先排除；文中没有提及B“自然环境的变化”和D“改变了的日常生活”，故排除。
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