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  3. (1) The benefits of exercise are widely known: it helps you live longer and

(1) The benefits of exercise are widely known: it helps you live longer and

游客2023-10-21  25
问题     (1) The benefits of exercise are widely known: it helps you live longer and lowers the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. A new study suggests that when done in moderation, it leads to better mental health as well. The researchers analyzed responses from 1.2 million adults in the United States taken from a US Center for Disease Control and Prevention survey given in 2011, 2013 and 2015. The average number of days of poor mental health per person in the past month was around 3.4, according to the study. Those who reported exercising had about 1. 5, or 43％, fewer days of "bad self-reported mental health" compared to those who did not exercise. Poor mental health was reported in the study as stress, depression and trouble with emotions.
    (2) "I think in comparison to all other treatments, when a patient successfully exercises at the right dose, there is a sense of self-efficacy and confidence that the patient develops. That is absolutely also a remarkably positive thing, " said Dr. Madhukar Trivedi, who was not involved with the study but recently published a paper linking midlife fitness with lower risk of depression.
    (3) "I think it’s a huge deal, " said Adam Chekroud, an author of the study. "Even just walking just three times a week seems to give people better mental health than not exercising at all. I think from a public health perspective, it’s pretty important because it shows that we can have the potential for having a pretty big impact on mental health for a lot of people."
    (4) The sweet spot for exercising was found to be 45-minute sessions three to five times a week. There wasn’t a big difference in benefit for exercising beyond 90 minutes in a session—until one hit the three-hour mark. After that, there appeared to be worse mental health associated with those people compared to others who did not exercise at all.
    (5) "I think it makes sense, " Chekroud said. "If you’re not exercising enough, perhaps that’s not giving you the biological aspect of exercise. Maybe you’re not putting your body through the intensity and through the changes that it needs to stimulate those biological changes in the brain. And on the high end, anecdotally we hear a lot about people who get addicted to exercise or maybe you’re kind of running yourself into the ground. "
    (6) Though all forms of exercise resulted in better mental health compared to doing nothing, the strongest association was found in people who played popular team sports (a 22％ lower mental health burden), cycling (22％) and other aerobic and gym activities (20％). Even completing household chores led to about a 10％ drop in days of poor mental health in a month, the researchers found. "Exercise in group settings could have a slightly higher benefit than exercise alone, " Trivedi said. "There’s not enough evidence to be very strong but that could be what happened."
    (7) As for cycling, Chekroud, an avid cyclist himself, said, "There’s… the biological benefit of exercise. And you’ll have increases in your respiratory rate and your heart rate and that kind of thing. But also, it’s an opportunity where you’re not working for a relatively long period of time and you get to think things through, perhaps reevaluate situations that happen in your life."
    (8) Seventy-five types of "exercise" were included in the report, leading to some experts preferring another label instead. "In the current study, we see the inclusion of activities such as childcare, housework, lawn-mowing, carpentry, fishing, and yoga as forms of exercise, " wrote Dr. Gary Cooney in an accompanying commentary published with the article. "The study… in its all-encompassing approach, might more accurately be considered a study in physical activity rather than exercise."
    (9) Though the study is purportedly the largest of its size, and "unprecedented in scale", it does have a few limitations, Cooney said. Mental health disorders are not a monolith and there are discrete factors involved in research and clinical purposes of various conditions like dementia, substance misuse or personality disorder, he said. (本文选自 cnn. com) [br] What is one of the limitations of the new study?
选项 A、There are many factors influencing mental health.
B、It includes too many types of "exercise".
C、The approach it adopted is all-encompassing.
D、The definition of poor mental health is somewhat vague.
答案 A
解析 细节题。第九段提到了该研究的缺陷。库尼博士认为，精神健康疾病并不是一个单一庞大的体系，有很多互不关联的因素牵涉其中。由此可知，A“很多因素影响心理健康”是本题答案。B“它包含的‘锻炼’种类太多”是第八段提到的内容，但是这并不是该研究的缺陷，而是建议把研究的标签由“锻炼”改为“体力活动”才更为准确，因此排除；C“它采用的方法包罗万象”也是第八段的内容，这仅仅是描述该研究的方法，并不是缺陷，因此排除；D“心理健康不佳的定义略微模糊”在原文中没有提到，而且第一段末句明确地指出了该研究对心理健康不佳的定义，因此排除。
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