2. 职称英语
  3. Read the following passage. Choose from the sentences A—G the one which best fit

Read the following passage. Choose from the sentences A—G the one which best fit

游客2023-10-12  23
问题 Read the following passage. Choose from the sentences A—G the one which best fits each gap of 61—65. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.
    For most of human history, "business" was done one to one—people traded goods and services with each other individually, as families, or as small tribal groups.
    【R1】______They were farmers, tailors, laborers, soldiers. They exchanged their goods or services for everything else they needed. Regions started to specialize in a few types of goods and services and commenced regular trading with other regions. Societies created currency, which allowed people to sell their work for money and then use that money to buy the work of others. Urban areas grew and business practices expanded. Eventually, several tradespeople joined together to make one larger business enterprise—a company.

    In the mid 16th century, the Muscovy Company had a monopoly on trade routes from England to Russia—the only way to ship things between England and Russia was to pay Muscovy. In 1555, it became the first joint-stock company. A joint-stock company is one in which investors give money to help a company expand operations. They then receive a portion of the profit that the company makes. The investors own stock in the company. Muscovy’s success inspired many imitators. Joint-stock companies soon started to multiply.【R2】______
    In the 1670s, the English East India Co. became the first company to offer many different types of products and services, and to have parallel operations in many countries at the same time— the first multinational corporation. It reached the height of its power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The East India Co. even became a military force. It occupied nations and created its own currency. It monopolized trade between East and West in tea, opium, and gunpowder.
    【R3】______It dominated the U. S. oil industry. People said that Standard Oil was a monopoly and that this was wrong. Rockefeller defended his company: " We were all in a sinking ship if competition continued. " For Rockefeller, monopolies were good. Competition prevented companies from growing large enough to provide certain services society needed. Some public utilities(electricity, water, trash removal)still operate as monopolies. This allows local government to control and monitor the quality of these services on behalf of the people using them.
    【R4】______In the early part of the 20th century, companies needed to compete with each other to attract customers. This meant that people had more choices about what they bought. Price went down and quality went up. General Motors(GM)executive Alfred Sloan adopted a policy that corresponded to these changes in the marketable and people’s expectations. He declared in 1924 that his company would have "a car for every purse and purpose. " GM would put the customer first, not the company. This "customer-first" principle changed the automotive industry, and made GM one of the most successful businesses in the United States.
    【R5】______In the 1970s, trader Michael Milken started working with "junk bonds". These were high-risk investments that had the potential to increase many times in value. The possibility of high returns in a small investment induced thousands and thousands of people to buy junk bonds. Milken became rich and famous. Soon, however, most of these high risk investments failed. Investors lost millions of dollars. In 1989, Milken went to jail for fraud, for tricking people into buying something that was actually worthless.
Questions 61 to 65
A. Most of them wanted to control trade routes from Europe to the New World.
B. For most business, however, Rockefeller’s ideas about competition proved to be wrong.
C. Business in the new millennium is changing yet again.
D. Finding workers with the right educational background, work experience, and language skills can also be very difficult.
E. As time went on and societies formed, people began to specialize, to devote their time and energy to one type of work.
F. As more and more companies expanded into corporations in the 1950s and 60s, people found new ways to make money from successful, and unsuccessful, businesses.
G. By the 1870s, many corporations had become strong and powerful. John D. Rockefeller, for example, built the Standard Oil Company into a huge, super-efficient corporation. [br] 【R4】
选项
答案 B
解析 倒数第二段中主要讲的是20世纪初许多公司面临激烈的竞争，纷纷调整政策以吸引顾客。通用汽车公司坚持“顾客第一”的理念，这与Rockefeller将公司利益放在首位的理念背道而驰。所以B项表述“Rockefeller的竞争理念在许多公司那里都行不通”与本段意思相符。
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