首页
登录
职称英语
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging
游客
2023-09-13
57
管理
问题
In the later half of the 19th century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities (自治城市) went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends (股息) and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had. seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal (家长的) system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. [br] Who played a positive role in harmonizing relations between the workmen and the managers of the companies?
选项
答案
The trade unions.
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3010960.html
相关试题推荐
Ina21st-centuryworkplace,whatisusedbythebosstomonitorhisemployees’c
Ina21st-centuryworkplace,whatisusedbythebosstomonitorhisemployees’c
Ina21st-centuryworkplace,whatisusedbythebosstomonitorhisemployees’c
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
Iftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwillhappentoanimalsand
[originaltext]Italy’scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butther
随机试题
•Lookatthebarchartbelow,whichshowsthenumberofgoodssold(in2006)by
Lastyear’seconomyintheUnitedStatesshouldhavewontheOscarforbest
Microsoft’ssearchengineBing[br][originaltext]Googleisoneofthesmar
[originaltext]W:Hi,LiHua.Whatareyoudoingthissemester?M:Oh,I’mstill
建设项目可行性研究经济评价中,下图为敏感性分析图(见图),斜线(1)应为下列哪一
A.XYZ=001 B.XYZ=110 C.XYZ=100 D.XYZ=0
因特网中的协议应该满足规定的层次关系,下面的选项中能正确表示协议层次和对应关系的
中国历史上第一个奴隶制国家是( )。A.夏 B.商 C.西周 D.东周
根据《风景名胜区条例》的规定,下列关于风景名胜区规划的内容表述中不符合规定的是(
A.广泛小血管炎伴血栓形成 B.血管内膜纤维化 C.急性间质炎 D.急性血
最新回复
(
0
)