首页
登录
职称英语
Marketing is the process by which goods are sold and purchased. That process
Marketing is the process by which goods are sold and purchased. That process
游客
2023-09-13
22
管理
问题
Marketing is the process by which goods are sold and purchased. That process may be a simple act of exchange or an intricate, sensitive mechanism, whereby goods and the title to them are moved from farmers, manufacturers, miners, and others who produce them to consumers. Simple marketing activities began with the development of a nonsubsistence economy and interregional trade, including caravan (商队) and maritime (沿海的) commerce. Village fairs, town markets, and peddlers were all involved in primitive marketing activities. Later, general stores, traveling salespeople, and, still later, the 20th-century chain stores became the chief marketing agencies. Modem marketing has evolved into a complex and diverse field. This field includes a wide variety of special functions such as advertising, mail-order business, public relations, retailing and merchandising, sales, transportation, wholesaling, marketing research and pricing of goods.
The aim of marketing is to acquire, retain, and satisfy customers. Marketers begin by identifying the market for their product. Then they tailor their efforts to satisfy the needs and wants of customers within that market. A customer may be an industrial organization such as a food processor, a wholesale or retail outlet, a transportation or warehousing company, or an individual consumer. Those firms, which understand the needs of their customers and seek to satisfy them, tend to be more successful than those which do not:
Marketing costs average more than 50 percent of the total costs of consumer goods. These costs represent the value added to the product after it leaves the producer and before it reaches the final consumer--determining the shape, colors, and materials of a product while it is being designed; making the product available in conveniently located stores; guaranteeing its performance; and providing service warranties and easy credit terms.
Marketing techniques are also used by politicians, who carefully market themselves and their programs, by city and state governments to sell bond issues, and by hospitals and universities for fund-raising purposes.
Modem domestic marketing in the United States has been greatly affected by a consumer movement that calls for better and safer products, more efficient services, and truthful advertising. Extensive government regulation in almost all fields—from advertising to transportation—has also necessarily claimed the attention of marketers.
With the growth of multinational corporations, marketing has greatly expanded its scope; many marketing managers take the whole world as their marketplace. Thus Eastman Kodak marketed its new Instamatic camera simultaneously in 28 countries in 1963—the first time simultaneously worldwide marketing was achieved—and prepared advertising and publicity in more than 20 languages. Managers of such global activities must take into account international differences in climate, customs, and business practices. [br] According to the passage, who also use marketing techniques to achieve their goals?
选项
答案
Politicians, city and state governments, hospitals and universities.
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3009936.html
相关试题推荐
Negotiating—acomplexprocessevenbetweenpartiesfromthesamenation—is
Negotiating—acomplexprocessevenbetweenpartiesfromthesamenation—is
Negotiating—acomplexprocessevenbetweenpartiesfromthesamenation—is
Negotiating—acomplexprocessevenbetweenpartiesfromthesamenation—is
Firecanbethoughtofasanycombustionprocessintenseenoughtoemitlight
Firecanbethoughtofasanycombustionprocessintenseenoughtoemitlight
Marketingistheprocessbywhichgoodsaresoldandpurchased.Thatprocess
Marketingistheprocessbywhichgoodsaresoldandpurchased.Thatprocess
Marketingistheprocessbywhichgoodsaresoldandpurchased.Thatprocess
Creativityhasbeenconsideredintermsofprocess,productorpersonandha
随机试题
TheworkforcehaverecentlybeencallingfortheirworkinghourstobereduceD.M
Itisoftenthroughgooddinnersthatonemakesfriends.InJapan,thereare
Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknow
A.山药B.枸杞C.冬虫夏草D.甘草E.黄连国家对部分重点中药材购销实行管理,属
通过接触感染的是A.猪带绦虫B.蛲虫C.黑热病原虫D.阴道毛滴虫E.血吸虫
不属于学校卫生保健的作用的是A.促进学校教育目标的实现 B.早期发现和处理健康
由风险资本家融资的初创公司比通过其他渠道融资的公司的失败率要低。所以,与诸如企
在俄罗斯国家杜马日前举行的经济工作会议上,一些专家强调,在世界上多数国家陷人危
适用于数值型数据的图示方法有()A.直方图 B.折线图 C.条形图 D.
沟槽式连接件连接可用于消防水、空调冷热水、给水、雨水等系统直径大于或等于( )m
最新回复
(
0
)