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  3. Popular ideological assumptions about society change with the decades, as w

Popular ideological assumptions about society change with the decades, as w

游客2023-09-08  22
问题      Popular ideological assumptions about society change with the decades, as well as with the enlargement of knowledge. The analysis of the human genetic code published last week demonstrates that humans, genetically speaking, axe only twice as complicated as the fruit fly, and among them- selves share 99.9 percent of their genes.
     Culture and nurture count in making us what we turn out to be, although that will perhaps come as no great surprise to those outside the close world of academic theory.
     This part of the rediscovery of the wheel, since before positivism largely took over the social sciences in American universities in the 1950s, it was generally assumed by professors. As well as laymen, that culture had a great deal to do with how material civilization developed. Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:" We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. ’
     That argument, however, relied on historical evidence and reasoning, which had come to be considered "soft" knowledge--unscientific, subjective, itself culture-bound--and, even more recently, as a self-serving tale told by white male parent in order to oppress the rest.
     To suggest that modern liberal civilization, science and technology emerged in Western Europe because of a particular cultural development linked to the assumptions, values and philosophies of classical Greece and Rome, the Jewish and Christian religions, and the ideas of the European Renaissance and Enlightenment, was thought to put down other civilizations where such development had not taken place.
     This notion," popular early in the 20th century", according to a New York Times report on the matter, is now "unsettling scholars and policymakers", since it "challenges the assumptions of market economists and liberal thinkers". These are nearly ail, to some degree, economic determinists.
    The matter is of practical concern in making policy. Take the worst case: the problem of contemporary Africa.
    Until the 1950s, Africa was generally considered to be a region of pre-modern cultures, developed among a variety of peoples originally practicing simple agriculture, or hunting and gathering. Some cultures were of great artistic complexity; ail had complex codes of value and ceremony; some were quite advanced politically, resembling in many respects European feudalism(灭亡), but all were without written languages or written knowledge.  [br] According to the last paragraph, what is the author’s opinion about culture?
选项 A、Culture and nurture are closely related to each other.
B、Culture is a motive force in social development.
C、Policymaking comes mainly from culture.
D、Scientific culture directs economic development.
答案 B
解析 推断题。本文作者首先指出最新的研究结果表明人类在基因方面基本没有任何差别，从而得出结论：文化和教育在决定人后天的发展中起着重要作用。紧接着，作者批驳了以前人们认为社会发展影响文化的观点，认为最新的研究结果推翻了原来的这一观点。文章结尾通过一个反面例子来支撑文章主旨，B项能够表现作者的核心观点，所以正确。
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