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  3. Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic op

Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic op

游客2023-09-02  32
问题     Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the "Second Industrial Revolution".
    Labor’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the forms of the higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.
    To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies.  One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans.  It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers by paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the "improvement factor", which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation. [br] The idea of the "improvement factor" ( Para. 3) implies roughly _______.
选项 A、wages should be paid on the basis of length of service
B、the benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be shared by workers
C、supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promoted
D、the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers
答案 B
解析 这道题是定位于第三段的improvement factor，which calls for wages increases based on increases in productivity，由此可见选项B的“工人与雇主共同分享增加的利润”这一答案是正确选项。选项A，从形式上来看，也是“根据…来增加工资”，但是文章中是以生产利润的增加为基准的，不是以生产时间的长短为依据的；选项C为与文章不相关的方面；选项D的内容不是属于此定位段的。
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