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[originaltext] Among western rich countries, people in the United States wor
[originaltext] Among western rich countries, people in the United States wor
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2023-08-26
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问题
Among western rich countries, people in the United States work the longest hours. They work much longer than those in Europe. This difference is quite surprising because productivity per hour worked is the same in the United States as it is in France, Spain and Germany, and it is growing at a similar speed.
In most countries and at most times in history, as people have become richer they have chosen to work less. In other words, they have decided to "spend" a part of their extra income on a fuller personal life. Over the last fifty years Europeans have continued this pattern, and hours of work have fallen sharply. But not in the United States. We do not fully know why this is. One reason may be more satisfying work, or less satisfying personal lives.
Longer hours do of course increase the GDP. So the United States has produced more per worker than, say, France. The United States also has more of its people at work, while in France many more mothers and older workers have decided to stay at home. The overall result is that American GDP per head is 40% higher than in France, even though productivity per hour worked is the same.
It is not clear which of the two situations is better. As we have seen, work has to be compared with other values like family life, which often get lost in interest. It is too early to explain the different trends in happiness over time in different countries. But it is a disappointing idea that in the United States happiness has made no progress since 1975, while it has risen in Europe. Could this have anything to do with trends in the work-life balance?
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. What do we know about the speaker from the passage?
23. Which country has more of its people at work?
24. What message can we get from the passage?
25. Which would be the best title for the passage?
选项
A、Spain.
B、France.
C、America.
D、Germany.
答案
C
解析
由四个选项都是国家名称推测,本题可能考查四个国家人们工作时间的问题。短文提到的The United States also has more of its people at work表明,在西方发达国家,美国人比欧洲人工作的时间长,故答案为C)。问题中的more表示比较,故听音时也应留意与选项中的国家有关的表示比较的句子。
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