首页
登录
职称英语
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy re
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy re
游客
2023-08-22
23
管理
问题
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy researchers have come up with fuel cells which are powered by cheese—or at least whey, a by-product in cheese making. Whey is rich in lactose, a sugar which Georgia Antonopoulou, a biochemical engineer at the University of Patras, Greece, says can be consumed by cultures of bacteria contained within a fuel cell to generate an electric current. Microbial fuel cells, as such devices are known, are not a new idea but they are attracting more attention.
The organic contents of whey pose an environmental hazard and many governments now impose strict regulations requiring factories to pay for its treatment before disposal. Whey constitutes about 70% of the volume of the milk were used to make cheese. So, just one small feta facility will need to dispose of as such as 4,000 tonnes of whey in a single year, says Dr Antonopoulou. Microbial fuel cells could help, and not just in the cheese-making industry. Breweries, pig farms, food-processing plants and even sewage works could gain from the technology.
Traditional fuel cells work by using a catalytic material to oxidize a fuel, such as hydrogen, and make an electric current flow between two electrodes. Microbial fuel cells function in much the same way except that the catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria contained within the fuel-cell chamber. Under anaerobic conditions(where oxygen is absent), metabolising the fuel by feeding off it and in doing so produce natural chemical reactions that produce a current.
In theory microbial fuel cells can run on almost any kind of organic matters, says Chris Melhuish, head of the Bristol Robotics Laboratory, England. "All you have to do is match the microbial culture with the type of stuff you want to use as fuel," he says. Dr Melhuish has been trying to power robots on domestic waste-water, but it is tricky. Ideally you would want to use cheap raw-waste products, he says. But traditionally the fuel cells work best with a refined fuel in the form of solutions containing synthetic sugars, such as glucose.
However, Dr Antonopoulou has now shown that, using a culture of bacteria obtained from her local waste-water plant, it is possible to get almost as much power from raw whey as from refined fuel, provided the whey is diluted. The trouble is the power output still only amounts to milliwatts, barely enough to trickle-charge a cellphone. And working with raw waste water also presents challenges.
Initially Dr Antonopoulou and her colleagues found that the coulombic efficiency of their cells-a measure of how many electrons produced actually flow into a circuit-was particularly low, at around just 2%. This turned out to be because a second set of microbes, within the whey itself, was absorbing them. So, by sterilizing the whey first to kill these other bugs they have now boosted the coulombic efficiency to around 25%. [br] What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
选项
A、Fuel cells can be powered by cheese.
B、Lactose rich in whey can generate an electric current
C、Fuel cells can be powered by cheese for whey in it.
D、The idea that fuel cells can be powered by cheese may seem ridiculous.
答案
C
解析
主旨题。文章开头提到依靠奶酪驱动燃料电池,接着讲到其原理是奶酪生产中的副产品乳清中的乳糖可以变身电流,因而,第,一段的主要观点是:奶酪中的乳清可以为燃料电池提供驱动。C项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2948843.html
相关试题推荐
Ourbodiesexperienceanebbandflowofenergythroughouttheday.Thisis
Ourbodiesexperienceanebbandflowofenergythroughouttheday.Thisis
Ourbodiesexperienceanebbandflowofenergythroughouttheday.Thisis
Ourbodiesexperienceanebbandflowofenergythroughouttheday.Thisis
Ourbodiesexperienceanebbandflowofenergythroughouttheday.Thisis
Inmostpartsoftheworld,therelationbetweenpopulationandresourcesis
Inmostpartsoftheworld,therelationbetweenpopulationandresourcesis
Inmostpartsoftheworld,therelationbetweenpopulationandresourcesis
Inmostpartsoftheworld,therelationbetweenpopulationandresourcesis
Inmostpartsoftheworld,therelationbetweenpopulationandresourcesis
随机试题
PeoplesoccupiedNorthAmericabeforethearrivalofthe【M1】______
WhichofthefollowingisaU.K.newsagency?A、ReutersB、TassNewsAgencyC、AFP
Itistruethatthegroupinteractionshavebothpositiveandnegativesides
以下有关提供虚假证明罪的有关说法中,正确的有( )。A.本罪的犯罪主体还包括中
下列佛教造像组合中,属于西方三圣的是( )。A.大势至菩萨-阿弥陀佛-观音菩萨
下列属于社会意识形态的有(??)A.形式逻辑 B.语言学 C.伦理学 D.
中焦的位置是A.头面部B.横膈以上C.心、肺D.膈以下,脐以上E.胃以下部位和脏
民事诉讼与和解、调解、仲裁的主要区别在于()。A.民事诉讼是解决民事纠纷的最
《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010~2020年)》的战略主题为()A
在评价危险因素的危险程度时通常使用的指标是A.相对危险度 B.发病率 C.患
最新回复
(
0
)