[originaltext] Today I want to talk to you about wasps and their nests. You

Today I want to talk to you about wasps and their nests. You recall that biologists divide wasps into two groups, solitary and social. Solitary wasps, as the name implies, do not live together with other wasps. In most species, the male and female get together only to mate.(12)And then the female does all the work of building the nest and providing food for the offspring by herself. Solitary wasps usually make nests in the ground and they separate the chambers for the individual offspring with bits of grass, stone or mud, whatever is handy. What about social wasps? They form a community and work together to build and maintain the nest.(13)A nest begins in the spring when the fertile female called the queen builds the fast few compartment of the nest and lays her eggs. The first offspring are small females that cannot lay eggs. These females, called workers, then build a lot of new compartments and the queen lays more eggs. They also care for the new offspring and defend the nests with their stingers.(14)By the way, only female wasps have stingers.(15)Most social wasps make nests of paper. The females produce the paper by chewing up plant fibers or old wood. They spread the paper in thin layers to make cells in which the queen lays her eggs. Most of you, I’m sure, have seen these nests, suspended from trees. They may also be built underground in abandoned holes.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. Who builds the nests of solitary wasps?
13. What is the main function of the queen?
14. Why are female wasps more dangerous to people than male wasps?
15. What are the nests of most social wasps made of?