首页
登录
职称英语
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting general
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting general
游客
2023-08-16
22
管理
问题
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That’s partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.
What’s far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.
Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting prevalent in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street , yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-trumpeted practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis , and unethical(不道德的) behavior in general.
"Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors," says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s Wharton School.
"It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal—you just get a psychological benefit" Schweitzer says. "But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful."
A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.
Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.
Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed.
In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes:" Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose. "
But Schweitzer contends the "mounting causal evidence" linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. "Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects," he says.
"Goal-setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization," Schweitzer says. [br] What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer’s research?
选项
A、Its findings are not of much practical value.
B、It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting.
C、Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.
D、It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject.
答案
C
解析
根据题干中的 advocates 将本题定位到第八段第二句话。这句话的意思是,他们反对 Schweitzer 及其团队使用新闻报道作为证据来支持自己的结论。因此选项C是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2930386.html
相关试题推荐
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicand
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicand
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggeneral
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggeneral
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggeneral
随机试题
Forthegenerationthatgrewupduringthefeministrevolutionandtherapid
AmazinglyfortheBritish,wholovequeues,thereisnoformalline-up--t
在甲乙两组数据中,若甲组的标准差小于乙组的标准差,则()A.两组平均数相同 B
TherearedifferentwaystoperformIPb
HLA-Ⅱ类抗原主要表达在( )。A.红细胞 B.内皮细胞 C.血小板
从事房地产开发的纳税人适用的土地增值税申报表中“与转让房地产有关的税金”一栏填报
下列哪种感觉不属于皮肤感觉A.触觉 B.痛觉 C.位置觉 D.冷觉 E.
按一定速庋给被试依次呈现材料中的各个项目,让他们学习和记忆。第一次呈现时,要求被
风险价值指标相对于其他衡量风险的指标来说,具有的优势是()。 A.有利于
―般资料:求助者,男性,29岁,某公司职员。 案例介绍:求助者家在外地,收人一
最新回复
(
0
)