首页
登录
职称英语
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting general
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting general
游客
2023-08-16
26
管理
问题
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That’s partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.
What’s far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.
Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting prevalent in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street , yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-trumpeted practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis , and unethical(不道德的) behavior in general.
"Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors," says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s Wharton School.
"It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal—you just get a psychological benefit" Schweitzer says. "But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful."
A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.
Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.
Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed.
In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes:" Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose. "
But Schweitzer contends the "mounting causal evidence" linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. "Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects," he says.
"Goal-setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization," Schweitzer says. [br] How did Sears’ goal-setting affect its employees?
选项
A、They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales.
B、They competed with one another to attract more customers.
C、They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.
D、They improved their customer service on a companywide basis.
答案
C
解析
根据题干中的 Sears 将本题定位到第七段。本段的第二句话说,他们把销售额强加给汽车修理人员,后面的一句话表明了这样做的后果:公司上下普遍存在收费过高、追加不必要的维修项目等。因此选项C“采取不道德的作法提高销售额”是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2930385.html
相关试题推荐
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicand
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
It’swidelyagreedthatgirlsgenerallystarttalkingearlierthanboys,an
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggeneral
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggeneral
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggeneral
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggeneral
随机试题
Onetypeofpersonthatiscommoninmanycountriesistheonewhoalwaystr
Whatisthenewsitemmainlyabout?[br][originaltext]Indonesiasaysit’sfoun
在下列场合中,要约失效的情形有( )A.承诺期限届满,受要约人未作出承诺 B
路基(土、石方)施工涵盖开挖路堑、()、修建防护工程等内容。A、整平路基 B
下列除哪味药外均为温化寒痰药A:旋覆花B:半夏C:瓜蒌D:天南星E:白前
耦合电容器瓷套表面污秽较严重并伴有明显放电或较严重电晕现象的,应立即汇报(),做
以下有关行政诉讼被告的说法正确的是()。A.公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人
1944年,国立敦煌艺术研究所成立,结束了敦煌石窟近400年无人管理、任人损毁、
保险市场的内涵包括()。A.保险中介撮合与风险管理服务 B.保险产品的设计和
甲为某上市公司董事。2018年1月8日和22日,甲通过其配偶的证券
最新回复
(
0
)