首页
登录
职称英语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
游客
2023-08-13
55
管理
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards(Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns. [br] From the passage, it can be inferred that_____.
选项
A、rewards are highly effective in America
B、rewards are not much sought-after in academic circles
C、rewards have long lost their appeal in American society
D、Americans are addicted to rewards
答案
D
解析
本文主要针砭时弊,揭露了美国社会中人们的行为依赖于奖励这一现象。根据原文第2段末句中的“但是物质鼓励和奖赏确实在美国文化中仍然占如此重要的地位”以及第3段最后两句等内容可看出美国社会对于奖励很依赖,D与之相符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2922761.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
[originaltext][9]MySpace,thesocialnetworkingwebsite,isdifferentfrom
[originaltext][9]MySpace,thesocialnetworkingwebsite,isdifferentfrom
[originaltext]Today,wearegoingtocontinueourdiscussionofsocialinse
[originaltext]Today,wearegoingtocontinueourdiscussionofsocialinse
[originaltext]TheInternethascreatedawholenewworldofsocialcommunic
[originaltext]Let’stalkaboutasocialconditionthatmanypeoplemightbe
[originaltext]Let’stalkaboutasocialconditionthatmanypeoplemightbe
[originaltext]Todaylet’stalkaboutsocialnetworking.Firstlet’stalkab
随机试题
EachdayofEarthWeek,forexample,hasbeengivenovertoaseparateenvir
WhereisthetownofSanJuanCapistrano?[br][originaltext]M:SoRebecca,wha
WriteacompositionentitledTheProblemofPollutioninChina.Youshouldwrite
色彩与形态,指心理上所要考虑的一种与形的内在联系。与蓝色关联是:
阅读下面材料,回答问题。 一步棋 许行 绿冠擎天,清风徐来。树下
溴化异丙托品的作用机制是A.阻断迷走神经M胆碱受体 B.抑制磷酸二酯酶 C.
健康生态模型是A.环境一人类 B.环境一人群一健康 C.环境一生物 D.环
甲企业为增值税一般纳税人,2021年4月接受某烟厂委托加工烟丝,甲企业自行
验收调查标准原则上采用建设项目( )经环境保护部门确认环境保护标准与环境保护设
根据《民法典》,关于代理的说法,正确的是()。 A.代理人在授权范围
最新回复
(
0
)