明朝统治中国276年,被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期,手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品,包括酒和丝绸,

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问题     明朝统治中国276年,被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期,手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品,包括酒和丝绸,都在市场销售。同时,还进口许多外国商品,如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代,由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是,中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。

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答案     The Ming Dynasty, which reigned China for 276 years, was described as one of the greatest eras of human history characterized by desirable governance and social stability. During this period, the development of handicraft industry advanced market economy and urbanization. A large number of commodities, including alcohol and silk cloth, were sold on the market. At the same time, many foreign goods like clocks and tobaccos were imported. Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Suzhou emerged as commercial centers one after another. It was also in the Ming Dynasty that fleets headed by Zheng He made seven large-scale adventurous voyages to the Indian Ocean. What is also noteworthy is that three of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature were written during this period.

解析     本文共有七句话,可以分为四个部分。第一句介绍了明朝的政治。第二、三、四、五句介绍了明朝的经济。第六句介绍了明朝的航海情况。第七句介绍了明朝的文学情况。
    1.第一句,本句介绍了明朝的政治状况。在翻译本句时,为避免头轻脚重,可将“统治中国276年”译为一个定语从句。原文中“治理有序、社会稳定的”在译成英语时可以将其作为后置定语,这样更符合英语的行文习惯。“治理有序”可译为“desirable governance”或“good governance”。
    2.第二句,本句介绍了明朝手工业发展的作用。“手工业”可译为“handicraft industry”,“促进”可译为“advance/foster/bolster/boost”,“市场经济”可译为“market economy”。
    3.第三句,本句说明了明朝市场上商品种类繁多。“在市场销售”既可译为“be sold on the market”,又可译为“be available on the market”。
    4.第四句,本句介绍了明朝已有的进口商品。外国商品不会自己进口,所以要用被动语态,以“外国商品”(foreign goods)为主语。
    5.第五句,本句介绍了明朝多个商业中心相继形成。“商业中心”可译为“commercial centers”,“形成”可译为“emerged”。
    6.第六句,本句介绍了明朝的航海情况。原文中“由郑和率领的”译成英文时可使用过去分词短语作后置定语。“大规模探险航行”可译为“large—scale adventurous voyages”。
    7.第七句,本句介绍了明朝的文学情况。“值得一提的是”既可译为“what is noteworthy is that”,又可译为“what merits attention is that”。“四大经典名著”可译为“the Four Great Classical Novels”,要注意首字母大写。
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