首页
登录
职称英语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
游客
2023-08-11
17
管理
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards(Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns. [br] Which of the following statements is in support of the finding that "people tend to perform worse... when a reward is involved"(in the last paragraph)?
选项
A、People are not used to being conditioned by prizes.
B、Rewards are attempts to control behavior.
C、Rewards are indispensable to American culture.
D、The principle of "positive reinforcement" is not fully enforced.
答案
B
解析
该句意思是说“当涉及奖励的时候,人们更容易表现不佳,更容易轻易放弃,更容易失去兴趣”,而下文举的例子也说明了一旦涉及奖励,人们往往容易被奖励所控制,而忽视了个人本身的内在动力力量。四个选项中只有B“奖励是诱惑,它控制着人的行为”可以支持这一说法。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2917560.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Today,wearegoingtocontinueourdiscussionofsocialinse
[originaltext]TheInternethascreatedawholenewworldofsocialcommunic
[originaltext]TheInternethascreatedawholenewworldofsocialcommunic
[originaltext]Let’stalkaboutasocialconditionthatmanypeoplemightbe
[originaltext]Todaylet’stalkaboutsocialnetworking.Firstlet’stalkab
[originaltext]Todaylet’stalkaboutsocialnetworking.Firstlet’stalkab
[originaltext]Scientistssayahugepercentageofbirdspeciesareindange
[originaltext]Scientistssayahugepercentageofbirdspeciesareindange
[originaltext]Scientistssayahugepercentageofbirdspeciesareindange
FindYourHeart’sDesireandRealizeYourPotential[
随机试题
Thewindowisbroken.Ithinkitreallyrequires______.A、torepairingB、tomend
中秋赏月是中国传统习俗,文人墨客更是留下了许多关于中秋月的美好诗词。下列诗词中,
A.抑制肝药物代谢酶的作用 B.酶诱导作用 C.5-羟色胺综合征 D.影响
患者男,68岁。慢支并发肺气肿10余年,6天前受凉后出现咳嗽、咳大量黄色脓痰。1
有中性点接地要求的变压器应在规划阶段提出直流偏磁抑制需求,在接地极60km内的中
会计是旨在提高微观经济效益,加强经济管理,要实现的目标是( )。A.反映财务状况
下列关于预防未成年人犯罪的说法,错误的是()。A.年满14周岁的未成年人,
下列哪项不属于奇恒之腑A.脉 B.女子胞 C.三焦 D.胆
下列机构从业人员中,不属于《银行业从业人员职业操守》必须遵守的内容是()。A
A.植物化学物 B.宏量营养素 C.微量元素 D.宏量元素 E.抗氧化营
最新回复
(
0
)