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  3. The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It

The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It

游客2023-08-08  39
问题    The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It offers the possibility of a double benefit—【C1】______harmful activities, while also providing the government with revenue.
   Take sin taxes. Taxes on alcohol make it more expensive to get drunk, which reduces excessive drinking and【C2】______driving. At the same time, they provide state and local governments with billions of dollars of revenue. Tobacco taxes, which generate more than twice as much, have proven【C3】______in the decline of smoking, which has saved millions of lives.
   Taxes can also be an important tool for environmental protection, and many economists say taxing carbon would be the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Economic theory says that unlike income or sales taxes, carbon taxes can actually increase economic efficiency; because companies that【C4】______carbon dioxide into the sky don’t pay the costs of the climate change they cause, carbon taxes would restore the proper【C5】______to the market.
   In reality, carbon taxes alone won’t be enough to halt global warming, but they would be a useful part of any climate plan. What’s more, the revenue from this tax, which would【C6】______be hundreds of billions of dollars per year, could be handed out to citizens as a【C7】______or used to fund green infrastructure projects.
   Similarly, a wealth tax has been put forward as a way to reduce inequality while raising revenue. The revenue from this tax, which some experts【C8】______will be over $4 trillion per decade, would be designated for housing, child care, health care and other government benefits. If you believe, as many do, that wealth inequality is【C9】______bad, then these taxes improve society while also【C10】______government coffers (金库).
   A) discouraging F) imprisoned K) merging
   B) dividend G) incentives L) predict
   C) emotional H) inherently M) probably
   D) fragments I) initially N) pump
   E) impaired J) instrumental O) swelling [br] 【C5】
选项
答案 G
解析 [语法判断]空格所在句缺少宾语，由此可知空格处应该填入名词或动名词，作restore的宾语。[语义判断]前文指出碳税实际上可以提高经济效率，原因是一些公司不必为它们造成的气候变化付出代价，而碳税将恢复对市场的适当的_______。在备选的名词或动名词中只有G)incentives“刺激，动力”符合文义，可与上文提到的“提高经济效率”相吻合，故为答案。
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