[originaltext] Smartphones distract attention and reduce learning because of

游客2023-08-04  26

问题  
Smartphones distract attention and reduce learning because of their potential to offer activities more inviting than studying. But what about background sound alone? A group of American researchers compared students’ comprehension of verbal material, when reading in the presence of background speech, instrumental music or general noise. General noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan.
    Students’ scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech. Comprehension was slightly better with the presence of music than with speech. However, when they were asked to identify melodies rather than understand text, background music interfered more. When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar to participants, there was little if any hindrance of reading comprehension.
    British researchers compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general background noise, and silence on short-term memory. Background speech had the biggest negative effect. Vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental. In general, background noise and silence were least disruptive. It seems the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap between the processing required on the task and the processing required to screen out the background noise. The study suggests that when people read and when they try to remember any verbal material, background speech will inhibit their ability. Instrumental music will have, at worst, a slight effect. When students write essays, however, other research has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible.
    Not everyone reacts in the same way to distractions. Other studies suggest some aspects of personality may make a difference. The researchers subjected shy, quiet people and confident, outgoing ones to high-arousal or low-arousal background music, general noise or silence while asking them to remember words. Everyone performed best in the silent condition, but less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions. So when children are reading and trying to incorporate new material, parents could consider allowing some background music, particularly if it is instrumental and their child is the outgoing type.
    22. What did some American researchers find about students’ reading comprehension in the presence of background noise?
    23. What do we learn from the British researchers about the degree of interference from background noise?
    24. What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some research?
    25. How do people of different personalities react to distractions according to other studies?

选项 A、Sociable people were immune to all distractions.
B、Shy quiet people were most adversely impacted.
C、Less outgoing people were more affected by silence.
D、Confident people were unaffected by high-arousal music.

答案 B

解析 讲话后面部分提到,不是每个人对干扰源的反应都一样,但每个人都在无声的情况下表现最好,而不太善于交际的人受到每种干扰的负面影响都更大。选项B中的害羞、安静的人即不太善于交际的人,那么根据讲话内容可知他们受到的负面影响最大,故选项B为正确答案。讲话中提到每个人都在无声的情况下表现最好,故排除选项C。选项A和选项D在讲话中并未提及,故均可排除。
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