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  3. Albert Einstein Born in 1879, in Ulm, Germany, Einstein

Albert Einstein Born in 1879, in Ulm, Germany, Einstein

游客2023-07-27  11
问题                      Albert Einstein
    Born in 1879, in Ulm, Germany, Einstein was two years old when his parents moved to Munich. There his father opened a business in electrical supplies. As a boy, Einstein did not learn to talk until later than others of his age, and in his early childhood he was not considered especially bright. But by the time he was fourteen years old, he had recovered from a slow start to the extent that he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks. By then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up. He wanted to be a physicist and devote himself to research.
    The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for the advanced education young Einstein needed.    The family business had declined, and they were forced to leave Munich to live in Milan, Italy, where they had relatives. As for Albert, the family did manage to send him to a technical school in Switzerland, and later to the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
    In 1901, when Einstein was twenty-two years old, he began teaching, and in 1902 he went to work as a patent office examiner in Bern. Now able to pay his own expenses, he continued his schooling at the University of Zurich, where he received a doctor’ s degree in 1905. This was the period when he first began the research which led to his famous theory of relativity.
    To most people it is not easy to explain why Einstein’ s theory has had such an immense effect upon    the whole scientific and intellectual world. After its formation, scientists never again regarded the world as they had before. The theory set forth new and far-reaching conclusions about the nature of space, time, motion, mass, energy, and the relations governing all these. Basically the theory proposed, among other things, that the greatest speed possible is the speed of light; that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases; and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable. This latter claim, based on the formula "energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light" was later proved by atomic fission, on which the atomic bomb is based.
    Toward the end of his life, when Einstein was asked to explain his law of relativity to a group of young students, he said: "When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, you think it’s only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it’s two hours. That is relativity."
    Einstein had an effect on science and history that only a few men have ever achieved. An American    university president once commented that "Einstein has created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some generations before the average mind grasps the identity of time and space, and so on—but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something vaster than ever thought before."
    By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian    Academy of Sciences in Bedim He had few duties, little teaching, and unlimited opportunities for study. It was an ideal position, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. Though he was not personally involved, the war and its misery affected him deeply. He lost interest in much of his research. Only when peace finally came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
    During the years following World War [, Germany heaped honors upon Einstein. He was persuaded to become director of Theoretical Physics in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Prussia made him an honorary citizen. Potsdam built an Einstein Tower in its Astrophysical Institute. Berlin held public celebration on his fiftieth birthday. Being a shy man, Einstein did not attend, but he received several baskets full of cards, letters, and telegrams expressing admiration and best wishes. The gifts to him would have filled a railway freight car.
    Four years later, Adolph Hitler came to power in Germany. He and his Nazis disliked intellectuals, and they hated Jews. There was no respect even for Albert Einstein, who only wanted to think of the problems of time and space and who never got involved in politics. The academy of Sciences was closed to him; his house was searched for weapons; he lost his professorship; all his property was seized; and finally his German citizenship was taken away. He became a stateless man.
    Upon leaving Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium, and then to England. There he received an invitation from the United States. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, offered him a lifetime professorship. He accepted, but he asked so small a salary to maintain its own pay, the Institute had to give him more than he requested.
    Such behavior was characteristic of Einstein. He had little interest in money, though he could have been very wealthy. He once turned down an offer of $1,000 a minute to speak on the radio. On another occasion he put a check for $1,500 from the Rockefeller Foundation between the pages of a book to help him remember where he had stopped reading. Then, having used the check as a bookmark, he lost the book.
    In 1955 Einstein became an American citizen. When interviewed about his new country, he told reporters: "Seven years ago, when asked for the reason I left Germany, I made this statement: ’As long as I have any choice, I will only stay on a country where political liberty, toleration, and equality of all citizens before the law is the rue. Political liberty implies liberty to express one’ s political opinions    orally and in writing, and a tolerant respect for any and every individual opinion. ’" Einstein lived the rest of his life in the United States.
    Much of the great scientist’ s time was devoted to efforts to build world peace. He also found time to practice playing his violin, for he loved music and was a better than average violinist. He lived quietly in Princeton, working at the Institute and entertaining himself with his violin in his simple home.
    In 1955 Einstein’ s life ended peacefully at the age of seventy-six. Because this simple man of genius used his intelligence for his fellowmen, all men now live in a changed world. Einstein lived not to conquer or destroy, but to understand. [br] Germany is the country that Einstein was born in and that gave him a lot of honors and that had ever made him stateless.
选项 A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案 A
解析 题干表述的是：德国是爱因斯坦的出生地，给予他很多荣誉，但曾使他失去了国籍。第七段介绍说，1914年他赢得了世界声誉，成为柏林普鲁士科学研究会教授。第八段里介绍说，一战后，德国给他很多荣誉。他成为威廉皇家学院的理论物理学主任。1921年获得诺贝尔奖。被评选为普鲁士荣誉市民。天体物理学院为他建碑立塔。柏林为他公开庆祝五十岁生日等等。第九段里介绍说，希特勒掌权后，憎恨犹太人，也不放过爱因斯坦。免了教授职位，没收了他的财产，剥夺了他的公民权，他成为无国籍的人。本题表述正确，答题时需要总结归纳。
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