首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise t
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise t
游客
2023-07-26
41
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various as pects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they are working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it is easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for re wards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary’ a chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenbcrger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to’ tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. [br] Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
选项
A、Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B、Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C、Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D、Giving them rewards they anticipate.
答案
C
解析
第三段谈到了Rogert Eisenberger的观点,如果孩子们知道他们为得到奖励而学习,并且致力于解决相对而言具有挑战性的问题,他们会表现出最大的创造性。如果对表现欠佳的孩子给予奖励或使他们产生对奖励的过分期待的心理,那么就很容易扼杀孩子们的创造力。这就说明只有该得奖励的孩子受到奖励才能发挥创造性,因此选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2870722.html
相关试题推荐
Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonet
Meteor-psychologists(气象心理学家)areconcernedwithhowtheweatheraffectsthe
Meteor-psychologists(气象心理学家)areconcernedwithhowtheweatheraffectsthe
Meteor-psychologists(气象心理学家)areconcernedwithhowtheweatheraffectsthe
Meteor-psychologists(气象心理学家)areconcernedwithhowtheweatheraffectsthe
[originaltext]Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinking
Psychologiststakeopposingviewofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraiset
Psychologiststakeopposingviewofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraiset
Psychologiststakeopposingviewofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraiset
[originaltext]M:Peterwaspraisedforhelpingputoutaforestfire.W:Hecer
随机试题
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReading
Whentheearthwasborntherewasnoocean.Thegraduallycoolingearthwas
在党组织讨论决定对党员的党纪处分或作出鉴定时,下列说法中,正确的应该是()。A.
下列选项中,表述量变是质变的基础的有()A.不积细流,无以成江海
18-8不锈钢丝的主要成分是A.8%镍和8%钴 B.18%铬和8%镍 C.1
患者,女,67岁,患2型糖尿病21年。社区护士入户体检时发现下肢水肿,遂到门诊查
“阴者,藏精而起亟也;阳者,卫外而为固也”说明阴阳的A.制约 B.交感 C.
()认为“教学的主要任务就是把知识转化为各年龄的学习者都能理解的知识结构,并
在本案例中,咨询师制定的咨询目标是改善求助者的情绪,这个目标属于( )。A.具
根据《药品注册管理办法》仿制药注册申请批准后,增加或者取消原批准事项的注册申请属
最新回复
(
0
)