首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise t
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise t
游客
2023-07-26
61
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various as pects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they are working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it is easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for re wards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary’ a chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenbcrger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to’ tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ______.
选项
A、rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B、punishment is more effective than rewarding
C、failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D、discouraging the student’s anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency
答案
A
解析
在本文第三段中谈到了主张奖励办法,但奖励应得体,奖其所值。第四段还谈到有的老师对那些总是关注奖励而表现一般的学生也给高分,这样的老师培养不出有创造力的学生。由此可推断,大多数大学严格评分标准是为了避免扼杀学生的创造性。因此A项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2870723.html
相关试题推荐
Psychologiststakeopposingviewofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraiset
Psychologiststakeopposingviewofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraiset
Psychologiststakeopposingviewofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraiset
[originaltext]M:Peterwaspraisedforhelpingputoutaforestfire.W:Hecer
[originaltext]M:Peterwaspraisedforhelpingputoutaforestfire.W:Hecer
[originaltext]M:Peterwaspraisedforhelpingputoutaforestfire.W:Hecer
[originaltext]M:Peterwaspraisedforhelpingputoutaforestfire.W:Hecer
Weneednotonlytobeundervariousexternalpressures,______(也要面对内心的困惑).butal
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
随机试题
Itis_____understoodbyallconcernedthatthewordnoonewhovisitshimeverb
Nowmostresearcherswillagreethatvideogamescanhelpaswellasharm.F
男性,60岁,乏力伴右上腹胀半年。体检:脾肋下4cm。检验:血红蛋白98g/L,
A.前列腺素B.激肽C.血小板活化因子D.白三烯E.组胺引起早期过敏反应的主要介
胎儿双顶径是A:由前囟门中央到枕骨隆突下方 B:由颏骨下方中央到后囟门顶部
着火的电流互感器在确认()已断开且保证人身安全的前提下,用灭火器材灭火。各侧电
按照技术的先进程度,一般可以将技术等级划分为()。A.高级技术 B.尖端技
纳税人收购烟叶,应当向纳税人机构所在地的主管税务机关申报纳税。()
下列子分部工程中,不属于液压电梯安装工程的是( )。A、补偿装置安装 B、悬
A.内痔 B.肛瘘 C.外痔 D.直肠息肉 E.直肠癌直肠指检,肠壁上扪
最新回复
(
0
)